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1、-岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译. z.-1. 综合类工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method根底工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metam
2、orphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration 冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层台glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological e*plorat
3、ion海积层台marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖o*-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground
4、water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone 砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutonic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水台confined ground water泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石构造te*ture of
5、 rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil 超固结土overconsolidated soil 冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil 分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土台overconsol
6、idated soil 红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土e*pansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping lo
7、ess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, detritus未压密土台underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil 原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellane
8、ous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil 正常压密土台normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thi*otro
9、py单粒构造single-grained structure蜂窝构造honeyb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity inde*含水量water content, moisture content活性指数activity inde*级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, bined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical position of s
10、oil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, graininess, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度pactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagr
11、am三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil te*ture土的构造soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil 土中水water in soil 团粒aggregate cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density inde*相对压密度r
12、elative paction, pacting factor, percent paction, coefficient of paction絮状构造flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性pressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity inde*游离水台free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密
13、度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度ma*imum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping 浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网 flow net砂沸sand boil渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度
14、seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation 泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution 剩余变形residual deformation剩余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure超静孔隙
15、水压力e*cess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规沉降计算法settlement calc
