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1、1 Articles and one, a little/a few, this, that1 a/an (the indefinite article)The form a is used before a word beginning with a consonant, or a vowel with a consonant sound:a man a hat a university a Europeana one-way streetThe form an is used before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or wo
2、rds beginning with a mute h:an apple an island an unclean egg an onion an houror individual letters spoken with a vowel sound:an L-plate an MP an SOS an x a/an is the same for all genders:a man a woman an actor an actress a table2 Use of a/an a/an is used:A Before a singular noun which is countable
3、(i.e. of which there is more than one) when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person or thing:/ need a visa. They live in a flat. He bought an ice-cream.B Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of a class of things:A car must be insured =All cars/A
4、ny car must be insured.A child needs love =All children need/Any child needs love.C With a noun complement. This includes names of professions:It was an earthquake. Shell be a dancer. He is an actor.D In certain expressions of quantity: a lot of a couplea great many a dozen (but one dozen is also po
5、ssible)a great deal ofE With certain numbersa hundred a thousand (See 349 ) Before half when half follows a whole numberll/2 kilos = one and a half kilos or a kilo and a half But 1/2 kg = half a kilo (no a before half), though a + half + noun is sometimes possiblea half holiday a half portion a half
6、 share With 1/3 1/4, 1/5 etc a is usual a third, a quarter etc , but one is also possible (See 350 )F In expressions of price, speed, ratio etc5p a kilo 1 a metre sixty kilometres an hourlOp a dozen four times a day (Here a/an = per )G In exclamations before singular, countable nounsSuch a long queu
7、e What a pretty girl But Such long queues What pretty girls (Plural nouns, so no article See 3 )H a can be placed before Mr/Mrs/Miss + surnamea Mr Smith a Mrs Smith a Miss Smitha Mr Smith means a man called Smith and implies that he is a stranger to the speaker Mr Smith, without a, implies that the
8、speaker knows Mr Smith or knows of his existence(For the difference between a/an and one, see 4 For a few and a little, see 5 )3 Omission of a/an a/an is omittedA Before plural nounsa/an has no plural form. So the plural of a dog is dogs, and ofan egg is eggsB Before uncountable nouns (see 13)C Befo
9、re names of meals, except when these are preceded by an adjectiveWe have breakfast at eightHe gave us a good breakfastThe article is also used when it is a special meal given to celebrate something or in someones honour/ was invited to dinner (at their house, in the ordinary way) but/ was invited to
10、 a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador4 a/an and oneA a/an and one (adjective)1 When counting or measuring time, distance, weight etc we can use either a/an or one for the singular:1 = a/one pound 1,000,000 = a/one million pounds (See chapter 36.)But note that in The rent is 100 a week the a
11、before week is not replaceable by one (see 2 F)In other types of statement a/an and one are not normally interchangeable, because one + noun normally means one only/not more than one and a/an does not mean thisA shotgun is no good (It is the wrong sort of thing )One shotgun is no good (I need two or
12、 three )2 Special uses of one(a) one (adjective/pronoun) used with another/othersOne (boy) wanted to read, another/others wanted to watch TV(See 53 )One day he wanted his lunch early, another day he wanted it late(b) one can be used before day/week/month/year/summer/winter etc or before the name of
13、the day or month to denote a particular time when something happenedOne night there was a terrible storm One winter the snow fell early One day a telegram arrived(c) one day can also be used to mean at some future date.One day you II be sorry you treated him so badly (Some day would also be possible
14、 ) (For one and you, see 68 )B a/an and one (pronoun)one is the pronoun equivalent of a/anDid you get a ticket? Yes, I managed to get one The plural of one used in this way is someDid you get tickets? Yes, I managed to get some5 a little/a few and little/fewA a little/little (adjectives) are used be
15、fore uncountable nouns:a little salt/little salt a few/few (adjectives) are used before plural nouns.a few people/few people All four forms can also be used as pronouns, either alone or with of:Sugar? A little, pleaseOnly a few of these are any goodB a little, a few (adjectives and pronouns)a little is a s
