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1、直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。Mr. Black said,“Im busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）Mr. Black saidthat he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成
2、了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一
3、致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。He said , “Ilikeitvery much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。He saidthathelikeditvery much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)He said, “Youtoldmethis story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”He said thatIhad toldhimthat story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had t
4、old)He said to me, “Shesleftherbook inyourroom”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me thatshe hadleftherbook inmyroom. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（Shesshe had， her不变，yourmy）2、时态的变化（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间
5、接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：He said, “I usuallywatchTV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。He said that he usuallywatchedTV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, “Im usingthe knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”He said that hewas usingthe knife.他说他正在用小刀。She said, “Ihave not heardfrom him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收
6、到他的来信。”She said that shehad notheard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“Icameto help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”He said thathe had cometo help me.他说他来帮助我。He said, “Ihad finishedmy homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”He said that hehad finishedhis homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。Zhou Lan sa
7、id, “Ill doit after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”Zhou Lan said that shewould doit after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。He said,“Ishall be doingmy homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”He said that heshould be doinghis homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。He said, “Weshall have finishedthe work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”He said that t
8、heyshould have finishedthe work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earthisround. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”The teacher said that the earthisround.老师说地球是圆的。He said, “Iwasborn in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”He said that hewasborn in Shang
9、dong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。He said, “ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”He said ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “Ifinishedthe work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”He says that hefinishedthe work. 他说他做完工作了。He will say,
10、 “Ihave wateredthe flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”He will say hehas wateredthe flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)
11、agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month)the next week (month)地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeHe said, “I met Mr. Smiththismorning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”He said that he had met Mr. Smiththatmorning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。He said, “We went to the cinemayesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”He said they
12、had gone to the cinemathe day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said, “I will come backnext month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”Lily said that she would go backthe next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said, “It is nine oclocknow.”他说：“现在九点了。”He said that it was nine oclockthen.他说那时九点了。He said, “I havent seen hertoday.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”H
13、e said that he hadnt seen her that day.他说那天他没有见到她。She said, “I went thereyesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”She said that she had gone therethe day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。She said, “Ill go theretomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”She said that she would go therethe next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。He said, “My sister washerethree daysago.”他
14、说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”He said that his sister had beentherethree daysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I willcomeherethisevening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”She said that she wouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改
15、为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said,“I am freethis afternoon”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”Father said that he was freethis afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said, “I am goingthere tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”He said that he was goingthere tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改
