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1、主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。一、在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or either.or;nor;neither.nor;whether.or;not.but;not only.but also”等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。(3)Not you but your f
2、ather is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中：有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“
3、no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturda
4、y.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;in add
5、ition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、 当主语后面与with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a museum when the earthquake str
6、uck.A.was B.were C.had been D.would be2.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.E-mail,as well as telephone,_an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play4.Nobody but Jane_the secr
7、et. A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5.All but one_here just now. A.is B.was C.has been D.were二、当either.or.;neither.nor.;not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6.Either you or the headmaster_the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A.was handing out B.are to hand outC.are handing
8、out D.is to hand out7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be三、当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8.He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship
9、for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been9.She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten.A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying well四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10.Every possible means_to prevent the pollution,but the
10、sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。11._of the land in that distrcit_covered with trees and glass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are六、the number of.(.的数目)短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当a number of.(许多.)短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12.The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of them_absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;was D.were;were七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。13.When and where to build the new factory_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided整理为word格式
