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1、英语四级考试语法精讲时态1主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般diddowill/shall doshould/would do进行was/were doingam/is/are doingwill/shall be doing/完成had donehave/has donewill/shall have doneshould/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doinghave/has been doing/2被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were givenam/is/are givenwill/shall be givenshould/would
2、be given进行was/were being givenam/is/are being given/完成had been givenhave/has been givenwill/shall have been givenshould/would have been given完成进行/CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时 所有的过去用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成一非谓语动词一不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in or
3、der to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语-将要发生2）不定式做状语-目的3）不定式充当名词功能-To see is to believe
4、. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes goo
5、d; It feels comfortable.三)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to
6、do二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词一)动名词的形式:一般形式：I dont like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二) 动名词常考的点1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon Ayou to call Byou call Cyou
7、 calling Dyoure calling（Key：C your calling 也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant h
8、elp; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend m
9、oney/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）I prefer swimming to cycling.
10、 （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 3 分词：现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词的形式:1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词
11、的进行形式：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)二：虚拟三：虚拟语气情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/cant should/shouldnt might/may (not)另外两个类情态词的形式：need/neednt; have to/dont have tov 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。这时虚拟语气的产生往往是因为我们要表达本来应该（而现在却还没有）（本来可以，本来能）I sho
12、uld go!( but Im still here!)(一般)I should be working now!(进行)I should have practiced more (than I did)!(完成)我应该多多练习！（言下之意，现在我练习得不多。）I shouldnt dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)(actually I did dream away my time too much!)It shouldnt have been leaking for such a long time!(完成进行)I may/might/could hav
13、e finished!(完成)一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;o require, request;o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.由于他们的含义中包含建议，假设，应该这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其
14、他的变形：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句Its suggested that My suggestion is that （表语从句）The only suggestion that. （同位语从句）一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况important; necessary; essentialItsnatural; strange; incrediblethata pity; a shame; no wonder 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用shouldv 表达与事实相反1. 与现在相反：使用过去时：I wish I were not here!(一般现在一般过去)Suppose we were not here.He loved me as if I were his own son.(一般现在一般过去)Hope I werent always losing things!(现在进行过去进行)If only/If I hadnt been there!(现在完成过去完成)What if I hadnt been waiting right here!(现在完成进行过去完成进行)常考句型：Its (high) time (that); would rather (that)
