《2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷3（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷3（附答案带详解）（45页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in Criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in thei
2、r DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity（父亲的身份）where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area
3、of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence.
4、When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1
5、998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely i
6、t is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method can not properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who ar
7、e members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are al
8、ready available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these
9、 questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation（鉴定合格）for DNA testing laboratories.1. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects（ ）.2. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when（ ）.3. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the curre
10、nt method（ ）.4. The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that（ ）.5. National Academy of Sciences holds the stand that（ ）.问题1选项A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of gui
11、ltD.could be convicted of guilt as well问题2选项A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting patternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals
12、D.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.问题3选项A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA patternC.is not based on adequate scientif
13、ic theory of geneticsD.is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying问题4选项A.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should he collected to confirm that
14、 only DNA samples from the same person can matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected Io determine that two DNA sample ar
15、e unlikely to come from the same person问题5选项A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.The academy only is authorized to work our standards for testingD.The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析
16、】1.判断推理题。题干意为:在DNA指纹识别使用之前，嫌疑犯。第二段指出:DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence (指纹和其他 DNA 分析技术已经彻底改变了刑事调查，给调查人员提供了强大的新工具，以证明有罪，而不仅仅是确立无罪)。后面还指出: When used in criminal investigations
