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1、初中语法总结及练习代词 代词可指代用来代替名词，名词性词组或短语和句子的。兼具名词和形容词的作用。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词(that等)、相互代词(each other )各种代词都有单数和复数的区别。例如：each, everything等都是表示单数；both, all 等都是表示复数。如：Do you know the man who_ (be) talking to the headmaster? Do you know the men who_ (be) in the sitting room?代词有主格、宾格和所有格的变化 1.
2、 12个人称代词，其中，宾格(_)一般用作动词和介词的宾语; 多个人称代词同时使用时的排列顺序 单数：you+he/she+I/me 复数：we+you+they it 的用法 (天气、时间、距离、电话用语、形式主语、强调结构 如It is her father who is a policeman.)2. 物主代词可为_性及_性物主代词，名词性物主代词可用作主语，并做动词和介词的宾语如：His idea is much more different from_ (I).名物代还可与of构成双重所有格。A picture of his3. 反身代词常与及物动词或某些介词如 with, by 连
3、用; e.g enjoy, say to , look at, teach by_, of_, between_;有时还可用作同位词表强调：e.g. Youll have to do it yourself.4. 指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same, so that 和 those代替前面提到过的名词 The culture in Egypt is as old as_ in China. so 位于句子开头，强调末尾的词。You have seen the film. So _ _. such注：such as(that); the same
4、as(that)e.g. _(such/same) was Einstein. The _(such/same) is the case with me. 5. 疑问代词有who(whom), whose, what, which1)who, what, whom who多指姓名、关系等，what多指职业、地位等, whom常用于介词后 To whom is she writing?2) what, which 前者不限制范围，后者限制在一定范围 e.g._ sports do you like best? _sport do you like the best?6. 不定代词有some-,
5、any-, no-, every-等16个及all, both, either, neither, other, another, none, each, little, a little, few, a few, one, much, many, no可用来表示肯定和否定含义1)it 和one one 和 ones(复数形式)可用于代替上文出现过的名词，以避免重复。You have a dictionary. May I use_ ？Do you have a bike? Yes, I have _(=a bike). I dont like blue shirts. I like whit
6、e _ . (用one/ones/it填空)2)all, each, every, either each 含意为“单个，一个”，侧重于个体。every 的含意是“每一个” ，侧重整体中的个体及其共性，它在句中只能够作定语(后接名词)。all表多个，each可指小到两个，every则至少指三个，either表两者任何一个 如：All the_ (student)/Every _ (student) want(s) to see the film. Each child _ (get) a cake.3)some, any any 常用于否、疑、条件从句中，当any 表示“任何，无论哪一个”时，
7、更常用于肯定句中，并常常重读。4)no one, none no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物(指三或三个以上，它作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名、代来)5) 复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语应后置如something easy, nothing to do 7. 相互代词 each other, one another 可以通用，其所有格为 each other_ h8. 连接代词和关系代词。连接代词 疑问代词都可以作连接代词使用，引导主语 、表语和宾语从句，并且在句子之中担任某种成分。有what, who, whose, which，whatever, whoever 和 which
8、ever e.g. _ (无论什么以) you take from the food shelf must be eaten up at this restaurant. 引导定语从句的代词叫作关系代词。who, whom 和 whose 都用于指人；which, whose 用于指物；that可以用于指人也可用于指物。专项练习1. _ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yesterday.A. Both; them B. Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves2. Which do you pr
9、efer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea?_, thanks. Id like just a cup of water. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None3. Would you like _ milk in your tea?Yes, just _.A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some4. There is_ to do this evening.A. much nothing B. many nothing C. no
10、thing much D. nothing many5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget _.A. anything else B. something else C. nothing else D. everything else6. Is this your shoe?Yes, it is. But where is_?A. the others B. another C. other one D. the other one7. What I want to say is _Englis
11、h is a very useful language.A. it B. this C. that D. those8. They have an English lesson _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another more9. We found_ very important to learn a foreign language well.A. this B. that C. it D. its10. _ is Lily like?Oh, shes
12、 tall and thin.A. How B. Who C. Which D. What11. Would you like milk or orange?_ I prefer water.A. Each B. Neither C. Either D. Both12 .Oh, there is someone in the room._ must be my mother.A. There B. She C. This D. It 13. Betty and John have come back, but _ students in the class arent here yet.A.
13、the other B. others C. another D. the others14. _ of us has read the story. A. Some B. Both C. All D. None 15. Which of her parents is a doctor?_. A. Any B. Either C. Both D. All16. I have bought a new watch because my old _ doesnt work.A. it B. one C. that D. this 17. Is this dictionary _ or _?Its
14、mine.A. your; hers B. your; her C. your; her D. yours; hers 18. There is _ water in my glass. Will you please give me _.A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any 19. _pencil-box is this, Patrick?Its _A. Whose; mine B. Whos; mine C. Whose; my D. Whos; my 20. The pen is _. She wrote _ name with it _.A. hers; her; herself B. her; hers; herC. her; hers; herself D. her; herself; hers21.-She is too busy to help us finish the work. -Lets do it_. A.herself B.myself C.ourselves D.itself22.-I made the cake by _.Help _,Tom.-Thanks, Jane. A.ourselves;yourself B.myself;y
