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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西安交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The various countries are striving to defend their（ ） economies against imperialist trade attacks.问题1选项A.respectedB.respectfulC.respectableD.respective【答案】D【解析】respected受尊敬的；respectful恭敬的, 有礼貌的；respectable值得尊敬的；respective分别的, 各自的。句意：各国都在努力保卫各自的经济不受帝国主义贸易攻击。选项D符
2、合句意。2. 单选题Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death, in the more somber tradition of American literaturefrom Hawthorne and Melville and Poe
3、 to Faulknar and Hemingway?one finds a tragic depth that belies the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems which the culture in action is reluctant to face the fact of death, its mystery, and its place in the back-
4、and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek times, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; these are diffi
5、cult to find in American life.Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the sluices of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and reedits from it, surrounding it with word avoidance ( Americans n
6、ever die; they pass away) and various taboos of speech and practice. A Funeral parlor is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something furtive, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dignified that the cer
7、emony often loses its quality of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in understanding the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living is a scientific culture. Americans have already enough explanation of how it comes, yet they show little capacity t
8、o come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it. We jubilate over birth and dance at weddings, writes Margaret Mead, but more and more hustle the dead off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to realize that death is as much a fact
9、 of life as is birth. And, one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an Americans life the last occasion of his relation to his society is as standardized as the rest.1.In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will find（ ） .2.The words pass away suggest the （ ） .3.Unlike Amer
10、ican society, some primitive cultures （ ） .4.Margaret Mead suggests that （ ） .5.The word it in line 2 of paragraph 2 refers to （ ） .6.We can infer from the passage that in some primitive cultures, （ ） .7.From the passage, we team that Americans（ ） .问题1选项A.ordinary American death attitudesB.a willing
11、ness to accept death as a fact of lifeC.a superficial attitude toward deathD.a morbid attitude to the death theme问题2选项A.religious overtones of deathB.indifference with which most Americans regard deathC.American reluctant to face the reality of deathD.average American belief in immortality问题3选项A.do
12、not understand the causes of deathB.understand the causes of deathC.are unable to come to terms with deathD.have a morbid attitude toward death问题4选项A.we should sot rejoice at a birthB.we should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeralC.a wedding should be solemn affairD.we should accept both death mi
13、d marriage and birth as a fact of life问题5选项A.fearB.religious integrityC.dwelling on deathD.death问题6选项A.death is accepted happilyB.death has been treated as a mysteryC.death has been bestowed with rich cultural implicationsD.mentioning of death is avoided in American culture问题7选项A.know scientifically
14、 how death comes aboutB.treat death as a mysteryC.accept death squarelyD.know more about death than people in other countries【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A【解析】1.根据关键词“Hawthorne and Melville”定位到第一段二三句“from Hawthorne and Melville. one finds a tragic depth that belies the surface thinness of t
15、he ordinary American death attitudes.”可知, 选项A符合原文。2.根据第二段的一二句可知, 美国人避免纠缠于死亡, 甚至避免接受死亡。用回避的字眼代替死亡, 比如美国人永远不死, 他们是“去世”。说明美国人不愿面对死亡的现实。选项C符合原文。3.根据第二段中“In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in understanding the causes of death;”可知, 选项A与原文描述一致。4.根据关键词“Margaret Mead”定位到第二段的倒数第二句“.death is as much a fact of life as is birth.”Margaret Mead认为死亡和出生一样, 都是生命的事实。选项D符合原文。5.根据原文“the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it.”美国人避免对死亡念念不忘, 甚至不愿接受它。由此可知
