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1、模拟1 You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You _1are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next _2to your starts moving forward. _3For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has l
2、urchedbackward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodyssensors and interpret what must be happening that your train _4might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now _5normal, so a change from it must be perce
3、ived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. _6Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt _7ten miles away. Colorful vision in
4、 each eye comes from six to seven _8million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to _9blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects th
5、e different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its “color” and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on _10average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.模拟 2The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal
6、 system becomes, the more _1societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment _2of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with _3an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punis
7、hment _4upon the person who did the offense. _5But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for _6protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be _7protected, the society is responsible for committing
8、 punishment. _8In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed _9from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the _10state assumes responsibility for their protection.推荐精选模拟 3There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.Great numbers of animal oil
9、come from whales, those enormous _1creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the _2whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled dow
10、n, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which _3can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and _4the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and hali
11、but liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. _5No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To _6the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important
12、 as another.But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always _7means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life _8of t
13、he common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, _9which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. _10 模拟4Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples _1of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it _2seems likely that a catastrophic event
14、 alters the global climate _3enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctionssuch as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and _4North American bisonhave been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hou
15、r, or 27,000 every day a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects a
16、nd animals _5that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries _6lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest _7and grasslands disappear.In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals _8remain living o
