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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题（ ） people who find meaning in their work are generallyproductive, supportive coworkers and promote workplace harmony.问题1选项A.Self-importantB.Self-declaredC.Self-consciousD.Self-motivated【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。self-important “妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared “自命的，自称的”；self-co
2、nscious “自觉的，自发的”；self-motivated “自我激励的，有上进心的”。句意：有上进心的人往往能在工作中找到意义，他们通常富有创造力，乐于帮助同事，营造和谐的工作氛围。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very （ ） for the nineteenth-century factory workers.问题1选项A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anx
3、ious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的, 沉闷的;obscure模糊的, 隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说, 一周工作80个小时, 几乎没有什么乐趣, 生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。3. 单选题Biological wizardry of a different sort is responsible for the ruggedness of sea-ear shells, which under high-powered microscopes resemble _ constructed stone walls.问题1选项A.reversiblyB.elaboratelyC
4、.spontaneouslyD.concurrently【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”；B选项elaborately“精巧地；苦心经营地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；D选项concurrently“同时地；兼营；兼任地；并发地”。句意：鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的，在高倍显微镜下，它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.The recent finding of
5、 a changed gene in obese mice.B.A breakthrough in understanding gene modification.C.A newly discovered way for people to lose weight.D.The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice.问题2选项A.It renders an organism unable to fight diseases.B.It prevents the mices fatty tissues from growing.C.It hel
6、ps organisms adapt to environmental changes.D.It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating.问题3选项A.Human beings have more obesity genes than most mice do.B.Half of a persons total weight variation can be controlled.C.People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight.D.The function of th
7、e obesity genes is yet to be explored.问题4选项A.The worsening of natural environment.B.The abundant provision of rich foods.C.The accelerated pace of present-day life.D.The adverse impact of the food industry.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】Passage Two12 Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery
8、of a changed gene in obese mice. The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells organism how fat or full it is. 13 Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or
9、 if they have sufficient fatty tissue, and thus cant tell when to stop eating.The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans. The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated, however. 14 Still, professionals like University of Ver
10、mont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically, “This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.”Actually, behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of the total weight vari
11、ation is programmed in the genes, while height is almost entirely genetically determined. Whatever role genes play, Americans are getting fatter. A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years. 15 Such rapid change underlines the role of en
12、vironmental factors like the abundance of rich foods in Americans overeating. The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago.Accepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people. But peoples belief th
13、at they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity.12. What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问什么事引起了公众的兴趣。录音一开头便指出，最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因，这一发现引起了公众的兴趣，A选项“最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。B选项“在理解基因改造方面实现突破”；C选项“人们减肥的新方法”和D选项“肥鼠身上某种基因的自我修复能力”在录音中没有信息提及，均可排除。13. Wh
14、at do we learn about the changed gene?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问的是关于变异基因的相关信息。录音指出，那些携带变异基因的老鼠在过量进食时，自身却浑然不觉，因此不知道什么时候应该停止进食，D选项“它使老鼠无法感觉到何时停止进食”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它使生物体无法抵抗疾病”和C选项“它帮助生物体适应环境变化”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它阻止老鼠身上脂肪组织的生长”，录音中提及那些携带变异基因的老鼠无法感知自身是否有足够的脂肪组织，因此B选项错误。14. What does University of Vermont psycholo
15、gist Esther Rothblum say?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问佛蒙特大学的心理学家Esther Rothblum说了什么？录音说到了Esther Rothblum的观点：该研究表明，人天生就有一定的体重倾向，就像肤色和身高一样。C选项“人天生就有某种体重的倾向”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“人的肥胖基因比老鼠的多”，录音中并没有将二者进行比较，因此可排除；B选项“有一半的影响体重的变量是可控的”，录音中只是提及：影响体重的变量中，不到一半由基因决定。至于其他的变量可控不可控并没有指明，该选项属于推断过度；D选项“肥胖基因的功能尚待探索”，这并不是Esther Rothblum的观点，因此可排除。15. What accounts for Americans obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease Control?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问根据疾病控制中心的调查，美国人肥胖的原因是什么。录音提到，过去十年美国肥胖的人越来越多，这一急剧增长的变化彰显了一些“环境因素”的影响，例如，丰富
