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1、2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题13阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国乙卷）【2023年高考真题】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
2、 Writing is one of humanitys later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many case
3、s we simply cant. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day. From the
4、 Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem o
5、f miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people o
6、f Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all ou
7、r first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AHow past events should be presented.BWhat humanity is concerned about.CWhe
8、ther facts speak louder than words.DWhy written language is reliable.2What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?AHis report was scientific.BHe represented the local people.CHe ruled over Botany Bay.DHis record was one-sided.3What does the underlined word “conversation”
9、in paragraph 3 refer to?AProblem.BHistory.CVoice.DSociety.4Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A How Maps Tell Stories of the World B A Short History of Australia C A History of the World in 100 Objects D How Art Works Tell Stories 【高考真题变式题1】Science is a process that b
10、uilds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the worl
11、d as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously todays scientific description of the world?The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better cant diminish (降低) the fact that it
12、 is a useful instrument for understanding the world. Consider a folk healers herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific”? Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments
13、, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to w
14、ork. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available. What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of scien
15、ce is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”5Why does the author raise the
16、 two questions in paragraph 1?ATo add some fun.BTo express doubts.CTo introduce the topic.DTo provide background.6What can we learn about todays scientific description of the world?AIt can be timeless.BIt can be improved.CIt is of little value.DIt is the best at any moment.7What is the authors attitude toward folk treatment?ADismissive.BObjective.CPessimistic.DSympathetic.8
