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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ）of current physical theory.问题1选项A.schemeB.scopeC.scrapD.scale【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项 scheme“计划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论的范围之内。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题You will get to the church more quickly if yo
2、u take this（ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.methodD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项track“轨道，足迹，小道”；B选项passage“走廊，通道”；C选项method“方法”；D选项 journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿着这条小路穿过田野，到教堂会快一些。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Although he was known to be extremely reserved in his public behavior, scholars have discovered that his
3、diaries were written with uncommon frankness.问题1选项A.aloofB.tenderC.lucidD.reticent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。4. 单选题Over the past decade, many companies had
4、perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental p
5、ublic health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new
6、behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could used to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll f
7、ind that many of the products we use every daychewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitaminsare results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed the
8、ir teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands advertising that no morning is complete without a minty-fresh
9、 mouth.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commerc
10、ials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizerswhich are effective even if applied at high noonare advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly
11、 patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products comme
12、rcially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to
13、 sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. But for activists like Dr. Curtis, this emerging research offers a type of salvation.1. According to the author, consumers good habits in the past were developed by（ ）.2. Judging from the context, the word “killers” (Line 1, Para.2) most probably
14、refers to（ ）.3. Judging from the context, Colgate and Crest are most probably（ ）.4. Bottled water, chewing gum, and skin moisturizers are used in paragraph 5 as examples to indicate（ ）.5. Which of the following groups has unfavorable opinion on advertising?问题1选项A.the efforts of many companiesB.thems
15、elves automaticallyC.perfect art of creating automatic behaviorsD.a carefully designed set of daily cues问题2选项A.fundamental public health problemsB.things which are extremely difficult to deal withC.people who deliberately take others lifeD.new behaviors that happen automatically问题3选项A.famous American companiesB.daily consumer productsC.tooth-paste brandsD.pearly white jewelry问题4选项A.the importance of good habitsB.some daily necessities for the common peopleC.some products that have successfully changed peoples habitsD.pa
