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1、名词的学习一 名词的概述：名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名 词的词.可以说名词是万物之名词.二 名词的分类：名词 专有名词：表示具体的人、事物 地点或机构的专有名 称,如the Great Wall,Tom,America, the Peoples Republic of China. 普通名词 个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词,如apple、ship 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名词,如family、 class、people、team等. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体实物的名词,如ink、tea、 fire、water、rain、air、bread等. 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的名
2、词,如表示动作、状态、品 质或其它的抽象概念的名词,如happiness、 friendship、heath、leadership等.注：巧记不可数名词的歌诀： 金木水火土,肉食面茶布. gold、wood、water、fire、soil,meat、flour、food、tea、cloth例：1、There are two kinds of breadin the shop.2、There are many different kinds of fishin the lake.考点1：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词并非绝对,如上述例题中物质名词在表示不同种类/类别的该物质时也可用作可数名词,可以
3、有复数形式.三：名词的数1、 可数名词单数变复数的规则：规则变化 一般情况：在词尾加-s,如book-books、car-cars 以s、x、ch、sh结尾：在词尾加-es,如box-boxes、watch-watches 以辅音字母加y结尾：把y变i加-es,如city-cities 以f或fe结尾：把f或fe变为v后加-es,如knife-knives 辅音字母加o结尾 有生命：在词尾加-es,如potato-potatoes 无生命：在词尾加-s,如piano-pianos注：a.巧记常见的以辅音字母加0结尾的名词加-es变复数的三个单词： 英雄hero爱吃土豆potato和西红柿tom
4、ato.b.巧记以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数的歌诀：树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀上山冈,架后窜出一只狼,好像盗贼逃命忙. leaf,half,self；wife,knife；shelf,wolf；thief,life例：What do we need for the salad？We need two apples and three ？A. orange B.tomatoes C.broccoli考点2：可数名词复数形式的考查.不规则变化 变oo为ee,如foot-feet、tooth-teeth 变a为e,如man-men、woman-women、fireman-firemen 在词尾加-re
5、n,如child-children 单复数相同,如fish、deer、sheep 表示哪国人 中日不变,如Chinese,Japanese 英法把man变成men,如Englishman-Englishmen 其它一般加-s,如Canadian-Canadians注：a.巧记不规则名词单数变复数口诀：oo常要变ee,foot-feet是一例；男人、女人a变e,woman-women又一 例.还有一个应记准,child的复数是children.鹿和绵羊是一家,单数、 复数无变化.B.巧记某国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变,其余后面-s添.某国人后含女男,a变e来记心间.例：The students
6、 of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit考点3：可数名词和不可数名词的区分；单复数同形的名词考查.2、 不可数名词的量的表达： 经常由可数名词来帮助表达,常用结构表示数量的词+量词+of+不可数名 词,如a cup of tea,two bottles of water,a bowl of rice.此结构也 可用于表示可数名词的量,如a basket of apples,two bags of potatoes.例：Can I help you？Id like for m
7、y twin daughters.A. two pair shoes B.two pairs shoesC.two pairs shoes D.two pairs of shoes考点4：表示名词量的固定短语的考查.3、 修饰名词的数量词只能修饰可数名词的有：many、several、hundreds of、thousands of、millions of、a number of、a group of、a pair of、quite a few、a few、only a few、very few等.只能修饰不可数名词的有：much、a great deal of、a bit of、a drop
8、 of、a drop of、a piece of、a little等.既能修饰可数名词,又能修饰不可数名词的有：some、any、plenty of、a lot of等.4、 只有复数形式的名词： clothes、trousers、glasses、scissors、shorts、pants、jeans 以上名词在句中用作复数,谓语动词或相应的代词要使用复数形式.四、 名词所有格 1.加s构成 表示有生命的人或事物的名词的所有格,一般在词尾加s, 如Marys bike、the students books表示时间、距离、国家、城镇、价值等无生命的名词的所有格, 也可以加s构成,如an hour
9、s walk、Qingdaos parks 2.以s、es结尾的名词,一般只加构成, 如my friends hometown、 Teachers Day 3. 表示几个人共有时,只在最后一个名词的末尾加s或； 如果是表示分别拥有,则在每个名词后都加s或. 如This woman is Tom and Jacks mother.These bikes are Toms and Jacks .4. 用of短语表示 对于无生命的东西,一般用of短语表示所有关系,如 the legs of the chair、the cover of the book有生命的名词较长或名词有较长的定语时,常用of短
10、语表 示所有关系,如the story of Dr. Smith、the bag of the woman with a baby in her arms例1：How far is it from your home to school？Its about twenty walk.A. minutes B.minutes C.minutes例2：Jenny and Janes ing to my office.Can you help to find the girls？No problem.They will be here .A. mothers are;in a moment B.mot
11、her is;at the momentC.mothers are;right away D.mother is;in a moment考点5：名词所有格和短语时态的考查.五、 名词的用法1.主语：The boy opened the door.The radio says that it may stop raining later.2. 表语：Class 3 is the winner!Thomas Edison was a great inventor.3. 宾语：Im trying to draw a horse. I told him a story.4. 定语：We are dis
12、cussing the population problem. There is a girl student in the classroom.All the womenteachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because itwas their own holiday. 5. 状语：He sat here a long time.6. 宾语补足语：He named her Jenny. We elected him monitor.7. 与介词连用：a kind of.8. 称呼语：What are you doing,Jim? 名词专项练习历
13、届中考题1.Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule2.Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!Mind your own _ ,Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. way3.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt_ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few4.-Why didnt you tak
