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1、一、句子成分(Members of Sentence) 主要成分：主语，谓语 次要成分：宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语，独立成分1.主语 (Subject)：主要由名词(短语)或起名词作用的词，短语或从句来充当。2.谓语 (Predicate)：说明主语的动作，状态和性质。3.宾语 (Object)：表示动作所涉及的对象。直接宾语(Direct Object)，间接宾语(Indirect Object)，复合宾语(Complex Object) (宾语 + 宾语补足语)4.表语 (Predicative)：位于连系动词之后，说明主语的身分，性质和特征。5.定语 (Attribute)：
2、用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，有前置和后置之分。6.状语 (Adverbial)：指修饰动词，形容词和副词，介词短语或整个句子的成分。7.补足语 (Complement)：8.同位语 (Appositive)：由两个或两个以上的9.独立成分 (Independent Element)：与句子中的其它成分没有通常语法关系(如一致关系，修饰关系，连接关系等)的词，短语或分句，它们 与其它成分之间通常由逗号隔开。独立成分有三种：感叹语(Interjection)，呼语(Vocative)，插入语(Parenthesis)。Exercises:1. July 13, 2001 saw a very br
3、ight night in Beijing that will never fade from memory.2. He is the only of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. (be)3. The wounded taken from the front _ immediate treatment in the field hospital now. (need)4. Taking exercise early in the morning _ part of her retired life.
4、 (become) / His being looked down upon made him happy. / There being a bus stop near ones house is a great advantage.5. To win the Globe Award _ a great honour for a film-maker. (be) / When and where to hold the meeting _ decided yet. (not be )6. Whether Jenny will pass the interview _ on her confid
5、ence in herself. (depend)7. That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.8. Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl _ worth praising. (be)9. Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.10. It is required in t
6、he regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.I1. Its no use crying over split milk.12. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (go)13. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one
7、-third _ used regularly. (be)14. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (be)15. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (be)16. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _ to be built here. (b
8、e)17. Either the players or the coach _ responsible for the defeat. (be)18. Many a doctor and many a nurse _ busy with their work. (be)19. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ being washed away each year. (be)20. Every possible means _ used to prevent the air pollution,
9、 but the sky is still not clear. (be)二、英语简单句基本句型1、主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)2、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)3、主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (SVP)常见系动词有：表“是”: be 表“变化”：become, get, grow, turn, go 表“保持”：remain, stay, keep, 表“感觉”：look, smell, taste, feel, sound 表“似乎，好象”：seem, appear4、主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (SVOO) 常见能带双宾语的谓语动词有：give, awar
10、d, bring, take, get, fetch, pass, hand, tell, teach, send, read, write, lend, buy, make, pay, recommend, etc.5、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (SVOC)常见能带复合宾语的谓语动词有：表“感觉”的动词：see / hear / look at / listen to/ watch / observe / notice / feel sb./ sth. do / doing / done / being done表“使、让”的动词： let sb./ sth. do ma
11、ke sb./ sth. do / done / adj./ n. have sb./ sth. do / doing / done get sb./ sth. to do / doing / done / adj. leave sb./ sth. doing / to do / done / adj. cause sb/sth. to do send sb./ sth. doing / adj. drive sb./ sth. to do / adj. / to sth. set sb./ sth. doing / adj./ prep. vt. sb./ sth. to do : ask / request / tell / order / command / wish / expect / want / allow / permit, etc. 其它常考结构： keep sb./ sth. doing / done / adj. find sb./ sth. doing / done / adj. catch sb./ sth. doing
