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1、Embedded Systems Design in IntelligentIndustrial AutomationLuca Ferrarini,1 Jose L. Martinez Lastra,2 Allan Martel) Antonio Valentini,4 and Valeriy Vyatkin51 Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy2 Department of Production Engineering, Tampere Universi
2、ty of Technology, 33101 Tampere, Finland3 O3neida Inc., 135 Dunbarton Court, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1K 4L64 O3neida Europe, 42 rue EgliSe, 1150 Brussels, Belgium5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019,Auckland 1142, New ZealandCorrespondence s
3、hould be addressed to ValeriyVyatkin,v.vyatkinauckland.ac.nz Received 16 January 2008; Accepted 16 January 2008Copyright 2008 Luca Ferrarini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproductio
4、n in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Industrial automation (IA) is the vast area of embedded computing devoted to industrial applications. Apart from many tailored solutions (numerical controllers, hardware controllers, etc.) the scene is dominated by programmable logic cont
5、rollrs, widely known by the abbreviation PLC, which represent the most wide-spread class of embedded computing platforms. In the past, the progress in embedded technologies has determined qualitative breakthroughs in the performance of automation systems, their affordability and efficiency of thir d
6、esign.Intelligent industrial automation (IIA) has appeared as a branch of research and development, answering the challenges of flexible and adaptive manufacturing, which require mass customization instead of mass production. It stipulates the use of information and communication technology (ICT) me
7、thods and tools for creating self-configurable or easily-reconfigurable control systems to automate manufacturing processes.The automation systems need to go beyond being a collection of networking PLCs 一they should be intelligent in the way that they interact and behave and how they are used by a r
8、ange of people, from control engineers to maintenance technicians. That is why the newly emerging trends in automation deal with service-oriented architectures, knowledge engineering, and Web-services. Most solutions to safety and predictive maintenance issues are implemented nowadays by such novel
9、embedded solutions as wireless smart sensor networks.Automation systems research faces the same significant challenges as does the embedded systems world, of which itis an integral part. One of these is the quest for integrated high-level design methods, languages, and tools 1. In the automation dom
10、ain this has translated into the development of component-based software architectures supporting visual programming, such as the IEC 61499 standard 2 and strategies for controlling distributed applications 3.The challenges of designing these applications using embedded technologies are also contrib
11、uting to the development of the embedded technologies themselves, in turn giving rise to new challenges.This special issue is organized in collaboration with O3neida 4, the global organization, operating as a network of networks to promote distributed industrial automation based upon open standards.
12、Taking the O3neida perspective of the IA value added chain 5 means that an IA solution, developed or deployed by any organization, must include an analysis of the implications on the companys internal processes, on the management of its extended supply chain, all within the context of the complete p
13、roduct life cycle.O3neida has recently extended its interest into new research-intensive application areas of IIA, such as(i) energy management,(ii) building automation,(iii) health over Internet protocol (HoIP).O3neida facilitates collaboration of industrial, academic, and research organizations by
14、 providing collaborative frameworks within which to conduct national and international research and development projects.It also helps with knowledge transfer by supporting new publication initiatives, such as this special issue, or a series of industrial automation books, recently launched with the
15、 Instrumentation Society of America.O3neida also works to develop and promulgate the international standards required to promote interoperable intelligent solutions in automation. For example, the joint paper 3 demonstrates collaboration of O3neida members from 9 organizations worldwide, in the work
16、, aiming at the improvement of the IEC 61499 standard.Finally, O3neida has recently opened O3neida Europe, its second international node focused on European industrial automation activities. O3neida Asia is expected to be formed later this year.This special issue is a fine example of the collaboration environment, created by O3neida and enthusiastically supported by its members.The papers, selected for this special issue, cover
