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1、枣庄四中2011届高三英语复习学案语法专项（_）冠词主备人：陈静审核人:褚衍国一、冠词的分类a广不定冠词yan冠词定冠词 the零冠词不使用冠词二、冠词的角法（一）、不定冠词的用法1. a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前.an用在以元音音素开头的单词前.e.g a book； an egg； a useful book； an underground room；前元音：i：l i e中元音：A 3： 3后元音：a: o o： u u:合口双元音：ei ai oi su au集中双元音：i3 ua血2. 用于可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类e. g. Kate is a student.凯特是个学
2、生.A student must love his teachers.学生应当热爱他的老师。3. 泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物.e. g. There is a man swimming in the river.有个男人在河里游泳。 A boy is in Grade 1. 一个男孩在一年级4. 表示这个数量；或表“每一（）”计量单位。e. g. She will be back in a day or two.她过一两天就回来。We have six classes a day.我们一天上六节课.5. 不定冠词的特殊位置.quiet/ rather+a/an+adj+n.（单数
3、）what/ such/half+a/an+n.（单数）rather/so/too/how/as+ adj+a/an+n.（单数）many a/an +n.（单数）=许多not a/an +n.（单数）=不只一个 eg: quiet a kind mansuch a beautiful girlhalf an hourMany a boy is swimming.He is as great a man as other leaders. What aclever boy he is! = How clever a boy is!注意：such修饰单数名词时，放于不定冠词a（an）之前，奢名词
4、前有one, no, any, some, all, many等修饰时，such放在这些修饰词之后，such后的名词通常 不加冠词。eg： There is no such thing6. 与不定冠词连用的习语.have a cold;have a good time; have a word with;keep a diary;in a hurry:at a loss;do sb. a favor; at a distance;make a living;for a while; have a population of; a waste of.易错考点（一）：1 用于某些物质名词或抽象名词
5、前，表示一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵；或 表示“一件的事“一个的人”，也可表示某种情绪。e. g. They were caught in a heavy rain.He is a success, （a pleasure / a success/ a failure）He did me a great kindness.他帮了我一个大忙。2. 不定冠词a或an用于人名前,表示说话者对此人不认识，或表示与某名人有类似性质的人或物.e. g. A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.He wishes to become a Newton.
6、3. 不定冠词与序数词连用，不表示“第几”的概念,而表示“又一，再一”。e. g. You can try a second time if you fail.如果你失败了，可以再试一次。 4用于某些不可数名词前，名词后与of连用，使抽象名词具体化。e. g. He has a knowledge of chemistry.Belief is a feeling of certainty.信仰就是一种确定的感觉。To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself o彻悟自己，就是正确认识
7、自己.Despite her youthful age, she seemed to have a command of thelanguage.尽管她年龄小，但似乎很能驾御语言.5. 用a/an表示部分不可数名词,表示一点”，一些”等。a smile 丝微笑a rain场雨 make a noise制造一点噪音（二）、定冠词的用法1、表示特指”或谈话双方都知道的人或事物；也可表示：在叙述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时.e. g. 1. The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的.2. How did you like the report?3. L
8、i Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.2、用在单数名词、形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或一类物。e. g The horse is a useful animals the poor; the rich; the young； the disabled3、用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only, very, same前.e. g. I live on the second floor 我住在二楼the longest riverThis is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的那本书
9、。注意：用在形容词的比较级前表示两者之间“较者”之前.e. g He is the t all er of the two.4、表示世界上独一无二的东西。e. g the sun the sky the ear ththe universe注意：若此类名词前有修饰成分,也可用a/ane. g. a full moon 一轮满月5、用在由几个普通名词构成的专有名词前；或用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前e. g the Great wall; the Changjiang River; the Pacific; the Sahara.6、定冠词+姓氏复数，表示夫妇或一家人。e. g
10、. The SmithsThe Turners7、西洋乐器名称前常用the,但当此类名词用做普通名词时可以与/an连用。e. g play the pianoHe is playing a borrowed violin.8、用在方e. g. on the left （right）in the west9、用在表单位的名词前。e. g. I have hired a car by the hour（按小时）Eggs are sold by the dozen. （按每 12 个）10、表示“几十年代、朝代及逢十的数词”之前，但在年龄前不用。e. g. the Spring and Autumn
11、 Period 春秋时期in the 1870sin the 1990, s in his forties11、在“动词+人+介词+the+身体某一部份”中，the不可用人称代词代替eg. take sb by the arm （抓住某人手臂）hit sb. In the face （打某人的脸）12、固定搭配：go to the cinema ; the other day （a few days ago）; in the distance; in the end; at the same time;on the other hand; on the whole ； make the mos
12、t/best of（三）零冠词的用法1. 不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指；名词前有物主代词、指示代词、 不定代词，名词所有格等限制时不加冠词。e. g Horses are useful animalsThis is my book2月、季、星期、节假、称呼语、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、 棋类、学科、惯用语前一般不加冠词。e. g. play chess （下象棋）play football （踢足球）on Sunday:have lunch;Summer comes after spring and before autumn.3中国乐器前不加冠词。e. g. play erhu; play
13、piba4. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。e. g by bike, by taxi, on foot,Did you come back by plane or by train?但 take a bus, on the bike, in a boat 等需加冠词。5. 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词。e. g Chinese, English, French,但用language时需加thee. g. the Chinese language6. 纯不可数名词前一般不用冠词。e. g. weather ; fun; space: advice; progress; infonnati
14、on; news7. 固定搭配。in debt, in good hea1th,in good condition,in office （就职）in honor of, in favor of,in society,in space,in naturein trouble (difficulty),in general,in (out of) order, on business, on holiday,易错考点(二)：表示独一无二头衔，职位名词在句中做宾补，表语，主补以及同位语时，大都用零冠词，除此情况外可以加冠词。e. g He was made monitor only yesterda
15、y.Mr. Smith is head of the company. The head of the company is Mr Smith.(2) 三餐前不加冠词,但特指须加，有时有形容词修饰表示“一顿、_次”时， 前面要用不定冠词。e. g What do you usually have for lunch?We had a wonderful lunch at that wedding patty.在那次婚宴上，我们吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。(3) 月份、四季前一般不加the。但特指必须加the。e. g 1. on the spring of 20092. It is very cold in the month of December in this part of China. 在含有day的节日、假日前不用冠词；但在含有festiva 1的节日前， 需加冠词。(农历的节假日前用the
