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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 不定项选择题Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal
2、 a potential companion or threat? This question is of interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals understanding, research on self-recognition in animal has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self-recogn
3、ition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal respons
4、es and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children.The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a
5、 small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the ai
6、d of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, “Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself upside down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mi
7、rror for purposes of visually guiding the stems into each nostril.”Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily re
8、moved from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased when they viewed themselves. Citing further evidence for this argument,
9、 Gallup noted that chimpanzees with no prior mirror experience did not direct behavior to the marks when they were first exposed to the mirror; that is, the other chimpanzees appeared to have remembered what they looked like and to have responded to the marks because they noticed changes in their ap
10、pearance.1. The idea this passage discusses is whether （ ）.2. The first sentence of Paragraph 2 (“The evidence indicates .”) may be interpreted to mean that nearly all animals have（ ）.3. The word “prior” (in last paragraph) can best be replaced by （ ）.4. The writers of this passage probably （ ）.5. T
11、he authors purpose in this passage is to （ ）.问题1选项A.dogs recognize themselves in minorsB.the grooming practices of chimps can be alteredC.nonhumans have a self-conceptD.chimps change their behavior when a mirror is present问题2选项A.some self-conceptB.no self-conceptC.an awareness of the uses of mirrors
12、D.a fear of mirrors问题3选项A.“important”B.“rich”C.“former”D.“temporary”问题4选项A.prefer dogs to chimpsB.have done more research with chimps than dogsC.enjoyed the experience involved in working with animalsD.want to see more research in nonhuman self-awareness问题5选项A.compare dog behavior to chimp behaviorB
13、.defend an ideaC.explore recent research no nonhuman self-awarenessD.evaluate a hypothesis【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第五句“Apart from curiosity about the level of animals understanding, research on self-recognition in animal has several benefits. 除了对动物认知水平的好奇，对动物自我认知的研究还有很多好
14、处。”是文章讨论的观点，可知C项“非人类有自我意识”与原文相符。A项“狗认出镜子中的自己”；B项“黑猩猩梳毛的习惯可以改变”；D项“黑猩猩在有镜子时会改变自己的行为”。因此C选项正确。第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. 该证据表明，狗和几乎所有其他非人类动物都不认识自己。”可知B项“没有自我意识”与原文相符。A项“一些自我意识”；C项“对镜子使用的认识”；D项“害怕镜子”。因此B选项正确。第3题:
15、词汇题。单词prior的意思是“较早的；先前的”，因此C项“先前的”正确。A项“重要的”；B项“富有的；丰富的”；D项“暂时的”。因此C选项正确。第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第一句“Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. 然后，研究人员设计了一个进一步的自我认知测试。”和全文围绕“动物是否有自我意识”来叙述可知作者“想看到更多关于非人类自我意识的研究”，D选项符合题意。A项“相比黑猩猩更喜欢狗”；B项“对黑猩猩的研究多于对狗的研究”；C项“喜欢与动物打交道的经历”。因此D选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第三句“But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat? 但是，狗能认出自己吗？还是说，反射只是一个潜在的同伴或威胁的信号？”和全文围绕“动物是否有自我意识”来叙述可知D项“评估一种假设”与原文相符。A项“比较狗和黑猩猩的行为”；B项“维护一个观点”；C项“探索有关非人类自我意识的最近研究”。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题The editor considered the authors an
