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1、考研考博-考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 翻译题To our view, the future belongs to those who will know how to perceive the mysterious borderline which separates the ugly from the beautiful. This philosophy has dominated most of the great civilizations of the past and is fundamentally our own western way of looking a
2、t the world.I am confident that with a better understanding of each other, there will be also a corresponding modification of our attitudes toward the achievements of the Japanese people.It is only through stronger ties among all of us, through the realization of a truly triangular world of cooperat
3、ive effort in which the United States, Europe, and Japan will be able to reinforce their respective ties, that one will be capable of planning the general scenario of the 21st century, and this within a broader picture of international cooperation among all civilized people of this planet.【答案】我们认为，未
4、来属于那些知道如何感知美和丑之间的神秘界线的人。在过去的大部分时间里，这种观点一直是主流，而且也是我们西方看待世界的主要方式。我相信，如果我们能更好地彼此理解，我们对待日本人民取得的成就的态度就会发生相应的改变。只有通过我们之间的密切合作，在美国、日本和欧洲之间建立真正的三角合作关系， 加强彼此的联系，我们才能规划21世纪的宏伟蓝图，要做到这一点，需要这个星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。2. 单选题Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow
5、 the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the oceans surface and last for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seals physiological behavior is diffe
6、rent.In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen, and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seals blood remains concentrated near those organs most crucial to its ability to navigate underw
7、ater. The seal essentially shuts off the flow of blood to other organs, which either stop functioning until the seal surfaces or switch to an anaerobic (oxygen-independent) metabolism. The latter results in the production of large amounts of lactic acid which can adversely affect the pH of the seals
8、 blood but since the anaerobic metabolism occurs only in those tissues which have been isolated from the seals blood supply, the lactic acid is released into the seals blood only after the seal surfaces, when the lungs, liver, and other organs quickly clear the acid from the seals blood-stream.Recen
9、t field studies, however, reveal that on dives in the wild, the seal usually heads directly for its prey and returns to the surface in less than twenty minutes. The absence of high levels of lactic acid in the seals blood after such dives suggests that during them, the seals organs do not resort to
10、the anaerobic metabolism observed in the laboratory, but are supplied with oxygen from the blood. The seals longer excursions underwater, during which it appears to be either exploring distant routes or evading a predator, do evoke the diving response seen in the laboratory. But why do the seals lab
11、oratory dives always evoke this response, regardless of their length or depth? Some biologists speculate that because in laboratory dives the seal is forcibly submerged, it does not know how long it will remain underwater and so prepares for the worst.36. The passage provides formation to support wh
12、ich of the following generalizations?37. The passage suggests that during laboratory dives, the pH of the Weddell seals blood is not adversely affected by the production of lactic acid because _.38. Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?39. The author cites which of th
13、e following as characteristic of the Weddell seals physiological behavior during dives observed in the laboratory?I. A decrease in the rate at which the seals heart beats.II. A constriction of the seals arteries.III. A decrease in the levels of lactic acid in the seals blood.IV. A temporary halt in
14、the functioning of certain organs.40. The passage suggests that because Weddell seals are forcibly submerged during laboratory dives, they do which of the following?问题1选项A.Observations of animals physiological behavior in the wild are not reliable unless verified by laboratory studies.B.It is genera
15、lly less difficult to observe the physiological behavior of an animal in the wild than in the laboratory.C.The physiological behavior of animals in a laboratory setting is not always consistent with their physiological behavior in the wild.D.The level of lactic acid in an animals blood is likely to
16、be lowest during those periods in which it experiences oxygen deprivation.问题2选项A.only those organs that are essential to the seals ability to navigate underwater revert to an anaerobic mechanismB.the seal typically reverts to an anaerobic metabolism only at the very end of the diveC.organs that revert to an anaerobic metabolism are temporarily isolated from the seals blo
