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1、2022年考博英语-宁波大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 填空题Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There is one extra choice, which does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answ
2、ers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)(41) In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life style o
3、f the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. (42) Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact
4、 that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? (43)Perhaps
5、one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. (44) Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case
6、. It is conceivable that animals that are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. (45)A. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized an
7、d remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.B. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean.C. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.D. Sleep is very ancient.E. Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?F. Deeply involved with this new tech
8、nology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.【答案】41.D42.A43.E44.B45.C【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extend back，意为“追溯”，而且后面两段提到了一个关键复现词sleep，所以第一段开头填D项“睡眠是非常古老的”正确。42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句讲了dreamless，所以这里是对dreaming和dreamless分别叙述，第
9、二句肯定是和dream相关的，故A项“在有梦睡眠中，动物被有力地固定住，对外界刺激明显没有反应”正确。43.第二段倒数第三句提到“与聪明的动物相比，愚蠢的动物在深度睡眠时不太会动弹”，然后就提出了一个问题But why should they sleep deeply at all?（但他们为什么要睡得深呢？），并且第二段提到了一个highly evolved，所以结合选项可知，该题选择E项“为什么会进化出这样一种深度静止的状态？”正确。44.最后一段开头提到了dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep ve
10、ry little（海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都很少），所以后面要解释其原因。而第二段有提到“在自然选择中，聪明的动物都不会让自己进行深度睡眠”，故选B项“总的来说，海洋里没有藏身之处”正确。45.最后一段提到Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact（关于睡眠的原始功能，也许可以从这一事实中找到有用的线索），所以这一段是回答第二段后面的两个问题，然后作者论述了一个观点，最后一句肯定是总结，所以该题选择C项“这是一个有趣的观点，可能至少部分是正确的”正确。2.
11、 单选题Traffic science is one of those disciplines that seems permanently poised on the verge of a breakthrough. Professional journals regularly publish promising research, and the press trumpets their importance. However, it turns out that traffic is a deceptively complicated problem. It could be said
12、 to resemble molecular physics, in fact, since its a system of individual practices interacting in complex ways. Except, with traffic, the particles have minds of their own.There are two kinds of traffic flow. In uncongested, stable flows, cars can move at or near the speed limit, and individuals ar
13、e able to move in and out of lanes or enter the highway smoothly. Then, theres what traffic experts call the “unstable regime,” what laypeople refer to as stop-and-go traffic. What scientists have figured out over the past decade or so is when and why traffic shifts between the two.“We see in our mo
14、dels that traffic become unstable when the number of cars (passing a specific spot) per lane per hour reaches between 2,000 and 2,500. At that nominal capacity level, traffic is very likely to become unstable,” says Hani Mahmassani, a traffic scientist at Northwestern University in Chicago.Consider
15、a classic case. A slow-moving car shifts into the left lane to pass an even slower-moving car. The car immediately behind the lane-changer has to decelerate dramaticallynot just to the speed of the car in front of him, but slow enough to create a safe driving distance between them. The next car back
16、 has to slow down even more, again to give itself a cushion. This slowdown ripple back through the lane and eventually spreads into the other lanes as nearby drivers notice the sea of brake lights and reflexively slow down. Traffic researchers refer to this as a shock wave, and it can travel back for miles.Unfortunately, while weve gotten really good at understanding why traffic jams happen, our tools to prevent them ar
