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1、最新教学资料外研版英语附 件I 课文注释与疑难解析1. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. (P2)南极洲方圆一千四百万平方公里，是世界第五大洲。1) Covering about 是现在分词短语作状语。用分词作状语时要注意：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。本句主语it指Antarctic，是covering的逻辑主语。如果作状语的是过去分词，其逻辑主语和句子的主语是被动关系。e.g. Covered
2、with snow and ice, Antarctic appears a white world.由于被冰雪覆盖，南极洲是一个银白色的世界。在本句中，Antarctic与covered是被动关系：Antarctic is covered with snow and ice.2) the fifth largest continent 第五大洲表示程度上的排序，用“the+序数词+最高级”e.g.The Yellow River is the second longest in china. 黄河是中国第二长河。2. Gases and minerals, in the form of vo
3、lcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages. (P2)埋在冰层中的火山灰中蕴含的天然气和矿物质能告诉我们许多关于地球上过去年代的气候状况。1) in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice 以火山灰的形式埋藏在冰层中。这是一个插入成分，说明主语存在的形式。2) in the form of是固定短语“以的形式”e.g. She started her lecture in the for
4、m of asking questions.她以提问的形式开始了她的演讲。3) trapped in the ice是过去分词短语做定语。e.g. Have you seen his painting completed yesterday?你看到他昨天完成的那幅油画了吗？4） What is like? “是什么样的?”e.g. Whats the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？e.g. Tell me what he is like? 告诉我他这个人怎么样？他是个什么样的人？3. Not until the late 18th century did the B
5、ritish explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. (P3)直到18世纪末英国探险家詹姆斯库克才跨过南极圈，但他并没有能看到陆地。1) 这是not until 结构的倒装句。当not until位于句首时，主句要倒装。2) 该句的陈述语序是：The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century. 当把not 和until 及其引导的从句一起提到句首，再把助动词d
6、id放在主语(The British explorer James Cook)前时，就变成了课文中的倒装句。e.g. I didnt leave until he came back. 变为倒装句：Not until he came back did I leave.II. 文化背景知识Animals in AntarcticaThere is very little plant life on Antarctica. It consists of small amounts of lichen and moss, and some floating plants in the inland
7、seas. Apart from a few insects, all of the animal life feed from the ocean. The largest animal living entirely on the land of Antarctica is a mite. It is just big enough to be seen without a microscope. It manages to stay alive by producing chemicals very similar to the antifreeze that we put in our
8、 cars in winter! The ocean is full of nutrients. Warm water rising brings the nutrients up to the surface. Those nutrients along with krill, a small shrimplike animal are the keys to the food chain in Antarctica.FishAlthough there are many types of fish in Antarctica, there are not that many and the
9、y are small. However, there are plenty of cephalopods (octopus and squid). These play an important role in the diet of some whales, seals, fish, penguins and other sea birds.BirdsMore than 80% of birds in the Antarctic region are penguins. Some live on ice floes, while others live on land. The Emper
10、or penguin never steps foot on land. It spends almost its entire life in the ocean. The female lays her egg on an ice floe, and the male incubates the egg on his feet. The male has a special flap of skin to protect the egg, and an indentation in his lower body. He lowers the indentation over the egg
11、, so the egg is well protected from the cold. The flying birds are mainly petrels and albatrosses. They make their nests on offshore islands and rocky areas of coastline. The Arctic Tern flies between the North and South Poles. It spends from September to March in the Southern hemisphere, enjoying t
12、he summer there, and from April to August in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere. Each year it flies about 18, 500 miles!MammalsThe marine mammals in the Antarctic are mostly whales and seals. There are two main types of whale in Antarctica, the baleen and the tooth whales. The baleens feed on pla
13、nkton, and include humpback whales, blue whales and sometimes minke whales. The tooth whales include the killer whale and the sperm whale. They feed on other mammals, such as seals and on fish and even birds when they can catch them.The seals are mainly four types: Ross seal, which is less than 1% o
14、f the population, leopard seals, crabeater seal and Weddell seals. There are probably about 20 million crabeater seals in Antarctica. They have specially adapted teeth for sieving krill from the water. The leopard seals are hunters. They are known to eat penguins, other seals and fish.The Antarctic
15、Treaty There are few places on Earth where there has never been war, where the environment is fully protected, and where scientific research has priority. But the whole of the Antarctic continent is like this：a land which the Antarctic Treaty parties call a natural reserve, devoted to peace and scie
16、nce. The Antarctic Treaty came into force on 23 June 1961 after ratification by the twelve countries then active in Antarctic science. The Treaty covers the area south of 60S latitude. Its objectives are simple yet unique in international relations. They are: to demilitarize Antarctica, to establish it as a zone free of nuclear tests and the disposal of radi
