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1、句子成分（Members of a sentence）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾
2、语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分A主语I定义：是一个句子所叙述的主体。一般位于句首，但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。II主语的表现形式1 名词During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.2 代词We often speak English in and out of class.Who is the man standing over th
3、ere?3 数词One-third of the students in this class are girls.Two times five is ten.4 不定式To swim in the river is a great pleasure.To master English is useful.5 动名词Smoking does harm to the health.Playing football in the street is dangerous.6 名词化的形容词The rich should help the poor.In the new China, the old
4、are living a happy life.7 从句When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.Whether hell join us in the discussion is of great importance.8 it作形式主语It is dangerous playing with fireIt is important to learn English.It is a pity that he cannot swim.B谓语I定义：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，
5、一般放在主语之后。II谓语的构成1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.She takes good care of her mother.2 复合谓语（1） 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.Youd better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing（2） 由系动词加表语构成。We
6、 are students.He looked a bit excited.C表语I定义：用于说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如sound, feel, taste , look, get, go, become, remain, turn等）之后。II 表语的表现形式 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。1 名词My teacher of English is an American.He is an astronaut.2 代词Is it yours?Thats all I want to tell you.3 形容词The
7、 weather has turned cold.4 分词The speech is exciting.The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.5 数词Three times seven is twenty-one.He is always the first to enter the office.6 不定式His job is to teach English.Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.7 动名词His hobby is playing football.My wi
8、sh is studying law in a university.8. 介词短语The machine must be out of order.He is against our plan.9 副词Time is up. The class is over.My father isnt in. He is out.10 表语从句The truth is that hes never been abroad.What I want to know is when well have the sports meet.D宾语I定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要
9、求用宾语。II 宾语的表现形式1 名词He is going to buy a dictionary.2 代词We should learn from him.3 数词-How many dictionaries do you have?-I have five.4 名词化的形容词或分词They helped the old with their housework yesterday.We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.5 不定式（短语）He pretended not to see me.She didnt know
10、 what to do next.6 动名词（短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.He practises speaking English every day.7 从句I think (that) he is fit for his office.He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.III宾语的种类1 直接宾语Lend me your dictionary , please.2 间接宾语The company sent us a few computers last yea
11、r.He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.3 复合宾语They elected him their monitor.I found the baby very happy.The next day he found himself in the hospital when he woke.I often ask him to help me with my English.I find it easy to answer this question.4 介词宾语In our school about two-thirds of the students
12、 are from the north.E宾语补足语I定义：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态，以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. II宾语补足语的表现形式1 用名词表示His father named him Jim.We consider Mr. Zhang an excellent teacher.2 用形容词及其短语表示We believed the report untrue.I saw him young
13、and strong, and now he is old and worn.3 用不定式及其短语表示He always encouraged me to work hard.Nobody noticed him enter the room.4 用现在分词及其短语表示We saw him entering the room.I heard her singing an English song.5 用过去分词及其短语表示They found the city greatly changed.6 用as引出宾语补足语常用的有regard/ treat / take / consider / l
14、ook uponasWe take English as a useful tool for research work.I look upon him as my teacher.7 用介词短语表示We found everything in the lab in good order.Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.8 用副词表示Let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father.9 用从句表示We will make our city what your city is now
15、.F定语I定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。II定语的表现形式1 形容词It is a beautiful city.2 分词（短语）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?This is the bridge built last year.3 名词There are thirty women teachers in our school.They are going to put up a wall newspaper next weekcoffee cup stone bridge shoe shop4 代词His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
