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1、2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that
2、 he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）because引导的表语从句Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because”结构中注意：在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,
3、即the reason is that the reason (why) is that如:The reason was that he didnt catch the early bus. 原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.误区之一：混淆that 与what的用法1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. （ 误 ）What
4、they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. （ 正 ）解析：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当句子成分；what则表示“什么”或“的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语等。本句中的what充当discuss的宾语。误区二：混淆that与why的用法2. Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent yea
5、rs. （ 误 ）Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. （ 正 ）解析：why引导的名词性从句或 reason作主语时，引导表语从句的引导词用that而不用because。Because也可以引导表语从句，常用于This / That is because的句式中。误区三：混淆if与whether的用法Whether可以用于所有的名词从句中，if常用于宾语从句中，两者都不能省略。3. If the famous scientist will co
6、me to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.（ 误 ）Whether the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet. 正）解析：if 与whether引导宾语从句时经常可以互换。但在下列情况下常使用whether:1. 从句中提出两种选择时,或句中有or not时；2. 作介词时的宾语时;3. 从句提前时;4. 引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时；5. 放在不定式前,与不定式组成词组时;6. 作
7、discuss等词的宾语时;e.g. He was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.I worry about whether I hurt her feelingsWhether he will come or not I dont quite know.We discussed whether we should close the shop.She hasnt decided whether to go or not.1. I dont know whether / if I can come. = I dont know whethe
8、r I can come or not. 2. We worried about whether he was in good health or not. 3. The question is whether you can do it yourself. Whether they will win is all the same to me. The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided. 4. I havent decided whether to go there o
9、r not.误区四: 遗漏连词that4. People in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 误 ）That people in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 正 ）当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(或this)时，that 常不可省略。如：e.g. Comrade Wang told me that that was why he was not a little tir
10、ed.He said that this was not his book, but his sister误区五：混淆no matter who/ what与whoever / whatever5. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（ 误 ） Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ）解析：whatever, whoever, whichever等一些连词既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter who / what只能引导让步状语从句而不
11、能引导名词性从句。五、名词性从句考点归纳 考点之一：考查that 与whate.g. 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what (NMET96)分析：在名词性从句中that 与what 的区别是：that 在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用；而 what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且充当句子成分。句子的意思是：我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好。此题考查了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句，what 在这两个名词性从
12、句中都作宾语。考点之二：考查it 作形式主语或形式宾语e.g. 2. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 95)A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是that 引导的主语从句往往用it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fa
13、ct. 考点之三：考查名词性从句的语序e.g. 3.The photographs will show you _. ( MET 89)A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like分析：名词性从句应用陈述语序；再根据句型what does sb. / sth. look like?, 所以选B.考点之四：考查whether 与if e.g. 4. _ well go camping
14、tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 96)A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where分析：句意为：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。whether 与if 的区别是：在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not 时，常用whether , 而不用 if。 5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海2001）A. w
15、hen B. how C. whether D. why 分析：句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。 whether 引导的是表语从句。考点之五：考查 whatever, whoever. 与 no matter what / who.e.g. 6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. (上海 1995）A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析：句意为：Sarah 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。注意：whatever, whoever. 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter what / who .只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever错。考点之六：考查名词性从句的虚拟语气e.g. 7. It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. （上海1993）A. masters B. should
