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1、2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案 2021年考研英语一SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:A，B，corDonANSwERSHEET1.In1924AmericanNationalResearchcouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperim_1_，thestudiesended_2_givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery_3_tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjectsbehavi
2、orTheideaarosebecauseofthe_4_5_oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,_6_whatwasdoneintheexperiment._7_8_thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe_9_toalterworkersbehavior_10_itselfAfterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere_11_toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothers
3、urprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic_13_wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlightingItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto_14_interpretationofwhathappened._15_，lightingwasalwayschangedonaSundaywhenworkstartedagainonmonday,output_16_rosecompa
4、redwiththepreviousSaturdayand_17_toriseforthenextcoupleofdays_18_，acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponmonday,workers_19_tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before_20_“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown1.AaffectedBachievedcextractedDrestored
5、2.AatBupcwithDoff3.AtruthBsightcactDproof4.AcontroversialBperplexingcmischievousDambiguous5.ArequirementsBexplanationscaccountsDassessments6.AconcludeBmattercindicateDwork7.AasfarasBforfearthatcincasethatDsolongas8.AawarenessBexpectationcsentimentDillusion9.AsuitableBexcessivecenoughDabundant10.Aabo
6、utBforconDby11.AcomparedBshowncsubjectedDconveyed12.AcontrarytoBconsistentwithcparallelwithDpeculiarto13.AevidenceBguidancecimplicationDsource14.AdisputableBenlighteningcreliableDmisleading15.AIncontrastBForexamplecInconsequenceDAsusual16.AdulyBaccidentallycunpredictablyDsuddenly17.AfailedBceasedcst
7、artedDcontinued20.AbreakingBclimbingcsurpassingDhittingSectionReadingcomprehensionPartADirections：A，B，corD.markyouranswersonANSwERSHEET1.Text2overthepastdecade,t“one-click”onlinepayments。Nowthenationstoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,which,asthecaseisknown,is“av
8、erybigdeal”，saysDermisD,“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestr,moveestablishedcompan
9、iesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,IBmnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpa,somewallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。TheBilskicaseardbyall12ofthecourtsjudges,ratherthanatypicalpan
10、elofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。TheFederalcircuit,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHarolecwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratwashingtonUni
11、versityLawSchool。AtheirlimitedvaluetobusinessBtheirconnectionwithassetallocationcthepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingDthecontroversyoverauthorization?AItsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsBItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactioncIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalcircuitD。“about-face”mostprobablymeansAlo
12、ssofgoodwillBincreaseofhostilitycchangeofattitudeDenhancementofdisunityAareimmunetolegalchallengesBareoftenunnecessarilyissuedclowertheesteemforpatentholdersDincreasetheincidenceofrisks?AAloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsBProtectionforbusiness-methodpatentholderscAlegalcaseregardingbusiness-meth
13、odpatentsDAprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPointmalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusualinformed,persuasive,texplainhowideasactuallyspread。Thesupposedimportanceo
14、finfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“tow-stepflowofcommunication“.Informaanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,oplewaswearing,specialpeoplecalldrivetrends。Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinflue,theydonargumentstemsfromasimpl
15、eobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeoprahwinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonalinfluence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydonhetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodriluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmany
