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1、.wdStudy Guide for Health Psychology中英翻译版1.health psychology安康心理学understanding psychological influences心理影响 onhow people staykeep healthyhow to 保持安康why they become ill为何生病how they respond when they get ill生病时的反响2.health 安康Not only have no disease orbenot weak没病或不虚弱also should have a complete state o
2、f physicalbody、mentalsoul、social well-being 完整身、心、社会适应3.What are the four factors led to the development of Health Psychology? 四因素changing pattern of illness 疾病不断开展变化the increase in medicalcosts 医疗费用上涨the changing definition of health 安康定义的变化the put forward of theBPSmodel BPS模型的提出4.The mind-body rel
3、ationship心身关系the relationship between a human body and its unique mind. 身体和独特心灵的关系can be divided into two: Monistic and Dualistic theories 单一理论 双重理论5. Psychosomatic medicine 心身医学The fieldof inquiry that searches forpsychological or emotionalcauses for illness. 调查领域 研究 心理、情绪因素 引起疾病The mind plays an i
4、mportant role in physical illness 心理因素在身体疾病中起重要作用bodily disorders caused by emotional conflicts： 情绪冲突引起的身体疾病 1Ulcers溃疡 2essential hypertension 原发性高血压 3Skin disorders 皮肤病 4Asthma 哮喘6.Biopsychosocial model BPS模型1Its assumption is that health and illness are the results of the interplay ofbiologicalGen
5、der性别、 Age年龄、Vulnerability to stress压力的脆弱性 Genetics遗传、Physiology生理机能、Immune system免疫系统、Nutrition营养、Medications药物psychologicalPersonality人格、Personal control 、Stress压力、Coping skills应对技能、Diet饮食、Risky behaviors不安全行为 Self-efficacy自我效能感、Optimistic bias乐观偏差social factors Social support、Poverty贫穷 Ethnic bac
6、kground种族背景、Cultural beliefs文化信仰2Advantages of BPS model：模型优点Health and illness arecaused by multiplemanyfactors and produce multiple effects. Emphasizes both health and illness. 强调 安康与疾病Mind and body cannot be distinguished. 身心不分3Clinical implications(临床意义) of BPS model ：1Diagnosis:consider the int
7、eracting role of biological, psychological, and social factors in assessingones health and illness. 诊断：考虑生物、心理、社会交互作用 在评估个体安康/疾病时2Treatment: examine thesethree factors治疗：检查三组因素3The significance of the relationship between patient and practitionerdoctor 医患关系的意义7.seven health practices 安康行为sleeping78
8、hours daily 睡78小时eating breakfast every day 每天吃早饭never or rarely eating betweenmeals 餐间不吃零食being at or near the right height adjusted weight处于或接近标准体重范围never smoking 不抽烟moderate or never drinking 适度或不饮酒regular exercise 规律锻炼8.The Health Belief ModelHBM1HBM is a value-expectancytheory. 是一个价值预期理论2Its a
9、theory about healthy behavior. 与安康行为有关the model predicts that whethera person practicesdo a particularhealth habit can be understood by knowing 模型预测一个人是否实践特定安康行为可以从了解他the degree to which the person think a personal health threat 对个人安康威胁程度的看法ifhe think atheparticular health practice will be effective
10、起作用 inreducing that threat. 他认为该特定行为是否对减小风险有效3This theory based onthese assumptions: 基于以下假设People desireto avoid illness or get well 人们想防止生病或康复People believe that they can do a specifichealth action to preventavoidhe or she fromillness 人们相信他们能做某一具体安康行动来预防疾病9.What are health behaviors? 安康行为behaviors
11、undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health.10.Healthy and unhealthy belief 不干不净，吃了没病。饭后一颗烟，赛过活神仙。饭后百步走，活到九十九。11.Theory of Planned Behavior 方案行为理论1thisviewpointmaintainsthat a persons behavioral intentionsand behaviors can be understood by knowing 该观点认为一个人的行为倾向和行为可以通过了解the persons attit
12、udes about the behaviorOnes positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior 态度：对一个行为积极/消极的评价subjective normsabout the behaviorOnes perception of the social pressures to perform or not perform a behavior 主观标准：对执行/不执行的社会压力感知perceived behavioral control over that actionpeoples perceptions of t
13、heir ability to perform a given behavior.知觉行为控制：对执行行为的能力的感知2Relationship analysis关系分析intention: an indication of a persons willing to perform a given behavior；意图： 说明一个人愿意执行某行为the immediate cause of behavior. 行为的直接原因based onattitudessubjective normsperceived behavioral control 基于Behavioral attitudeSu
14、bjectivenormsPerceivedbehavioralcontrolIntentionBehavior12.Transtheoretical model of behavior change行为改变的跨理论模型1Precontemplation意图No intention to change behavior in the foreseeable future (next 6 months). 近期没有改变意愿6个月内Includes people who are unaware of the problemand those who know about the problem but are not considering change. 包括没有意识到问题和意识到但是不打算改变的人 e.g.:I have no plans to change my diet. 2Contemplation沉思People are aware that a problem exists and are seriouslythinking about overcomingit but have not yetmade afirm commitmentto take action. 意识到问题存在，认真思考抑制。但没有坚决信念行动Intending
