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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The language experts believe that the（ ）age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.问题1选项A.conceptualB.considerateC.optimalD.component【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 语言专家相信学一门外语最佳的年龄是6岁。conceptual概念上的。considerate体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的 optimal最佳的；最理想的。component组成的，构成。2. 单选题Th
2、e country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences.问题1选项A.optimisticB.anxiousC.uncertainD.scared【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 该国进行核实验，也不（ ） 实验结果。optimistic 乐观的; anxious 焦虑的，担忧的; uncertain 无常的，不确定的，含糊的; scared 恐惧的，害怕的。Apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的。故选B。3. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation
3、 of cities while Jefferson contented that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。汉密尔顿希望建立一个工业化国家，而杰佛逊则认为农业是国之根本。incline 倾斜，点头，易于。struggle 奋斗，努力。argue 主张，认为。compete 竞争，比赛。content赞成。故选C。4. 单选题As my exams are coming next week, Ill take a
4、dvantage of the weekend to （ ）on some reading.问题1选项A.catch upB.clear upC.make upD.pick up【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意:下周就要考试了，我要利用周末时间好好看看书。catch up on 弥补不足、吸收， 精通; clear up 收拾，整理; make up伪造，化妆; pick up 提高（速度），加快（节奏）。因此D项符合句意。5. 单选题During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few（ ）from the n
5、ovel.问题1选项A.piecesB.essaysC.fragmentsD.extracts【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意: 上阅读课时，老师要求学生阅读小说中的几个 。pieces (完整的)作品; essay 论文,文章; fragment 片段, 一般指文艺作品中的残存部分；extract 书本中的 摘录，选段等。故选D。6. 单选题The key to this new material development is researchers increasing ability to （ ）substances at the molecular level.问题1选项A.formu
6、lateB.manipulateC.regulateD.stimulate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。句意: 这种新材料开发的关键在于研究人员需要提升如何在分子水平上合成物质的能力。formulate:规划，制定，用公式表示。manipulate:控制，操纵,影响。regulate: 约束，管理，控制。stimulate：使兴奋，促进，激励。因此A项符合句意,在句子中语义为 “合成”。7. 翻译题The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of workin
7、g of the human mind: it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. The difference between the operations and methods of a baker weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not that the
8、 scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working: but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of th
9、e day had occasion to set in motion of a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.【答案】科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索 并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。用普通天平称物品的面包师与用精密天平的化学家 在操作与方法上存在差别，但
10、这种差别并不是两者的天平在构造和工作原理上存在不 同，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些 思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在 类型上是完全一样的。8. 单选题Nobody knew how he came up with this （ ）idea about the trip.问题1选项A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 没有人知道他是怎么想出这么一个 旅行点子。wear
11、y:疲倦的，使人厌烦的。twilight:虚幻的，暮年的。unanimous: 意见一致的。weird:怪异的，不可思议的。故D项符合句意。9. 填空题Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists（1）research the relation between actions and their consequences argue that rewards ca
12、n improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain （2）rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence（3） approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful
13、use of small monetary rewards sparks （4）in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, （5）to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a （6） and can focus on a relatively challenging task, the
14、y show the most creativity，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for（7）performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinar
15、y achievement ends up with discouraged students, Eisenberger holds （8） an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing （9）.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in （10）students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
