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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题In Americas fiercely adversarial legal system, a good lawyer is essential. Ask O. J. Simpson. In a landmark case 35 years ago,Gideon v. Wainwright, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that indigent defendants must be provided with a lawyer at state expense because t
2、here could be no fair trial in a serious criminal case without one. “This seems to us to be an obvious truth,” wrote Justice Hugo Black in his opinion. At the time,the decision was hailed as a triumph for justice, an example of Americas commitment to the ideal of equality before the law.This is the
3、image most Americans still have of their criminal-justice systemthe fairest in the world, in which any defendant, no matter how, gets a smart lawyer who,too often, manages to get the culprit off on a technicality. Nothing could be further from the truth. About 80% of people accused of a felony have
4、to depend on a publicly-provided lawyer; but over the past two decades the eagerness of politicians to look harsh on crime,their reluctance to pay for public defenders, and a series of Supreme Court judgments restricting the grounds for appeal have made a mockery of Gideon. Today many indigent defen
5、dants, including those facing long terms of imprisonment or even death,are treated to a “meetem and pleadem” defensea brief consultation in which a harried or incompetent lawyer encourages them to plead guilty or, if that fails,struggle through a short trial in which the defense is massively outgunn
6、ed by a more experienced, better-paid and better-prepared prosecutor.“We have a wealth-based system of justice,” says Stephen Bright, the director of the Southern Center for Human Right. “For the wealthy, its gold-plated. For the average poor person, its like being herded to the slaughterhouse. In m
7、any places the adversarial system barely exists for the poor.”Many lawyers,of course,have made heroic efforts for particular defendants for little or no pay,but the charity of lawyers can be relied on to handle only a tiny fraction of cases. As spending on police,prosecutors and prisons has steadily
8、 climbed in the past decade,increasing the number of people charged and imprisoned, spending on indigent defense has not kept pace, overwhelming an already hard-pressed system.1.The word “indigent” most probably means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that O. J. Simpson was probably （ ）.3.Wh
9、at is the authors view of Americas adversarial legal system?4.Which of the following statements is true?问题1选项A.wealthyB.criminalC.poverty-strickenD.innocent问题2选项A.a person who was found not guilty because he hired a very good lawyerB.a person who won his case because he was provided with a lawyer at
10、 state expenseC.A person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the courtD.a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the average poor people问题3选项A.It is the embodiment of the ideal of equality before the law.B.It is the fairest criminal-justice system in the world.C.As it is,it benefi
11、ts the rich but works against the poor.D.It is unfair by nature and should be overhauled.问题4选项A.Lawyers who provide defense for the poor often work heroically for little or no pay at all.B.As crime rate increases,American politicians have become more tolerant towards crime than before.C.In America,
12、if a person refuses to accept the judgment of a lower court, he can always appeal to the Supreme Court.D.Government-provided lawyers tend to go through the formalities of defense and prove to be no match for the prosecutors【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. The word “indigent” most probably
13、means _. 1. “indigent”这个词最有可能的意思是_。A. wealthy A. 富有的B. criminal B. 犯罪的C. poverty-stricken C. 一贫如洗的D. innocent D. 天真的【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词indigent定位至第一段第三句“在35年前的一个具有里程碑意义的Gideon V. Wainwright案中，最高法院一致裁定，必须为indigent 的被告提供一名由国家出资的律师（indigent defendants must be provided with a lawyer at state expense）
14、”，从at state expense（国家出资）可以推测，indigent应该是指“没有钱的”被告，C项意思与之相近。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“富有的”根据解题思路可知，与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B项“犯罪的”和D项“天真的”没有提到，属于无中生有。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. It can be inferred from the passage that O. J. Simpson was probably _. 2. 从文章中可以推断，O. J. Simpson可能是_。A. a person who was found not guilty because he h
15、ired a very good lawyer A. 一个因为雇了一个很好的律师而被判无罪的人B. a person who won his case because he was provided with a lawyer at state expense B. 一个因为国家出钱请了律师而胜诉的人C. a person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the court C. 拒绝请律师而在法庭上败诉的人D. a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the average poor people D. 他是一位杰出的律师，为普通穷人打赢了许多官司【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段前两句“在美国竞争激烈的法律体系中，优秀的律师是必不可少的。问问O. J. Simpson吧。”，从中可知，在美国法律体系中，想要打赢官司，一个优秀的律师是必不可少的，后面的一句“问问O. J. Simpson吧”我们可以推测，O. J. Simpson应该是一个请了一位优秀的律师的人，他对于雇一个优秀的律师深有体会，A项“一个因为雇了一个很好的律师而被判无罪的人”符合题意。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B项“一个因为国家出钱请
