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1、1.故宫故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km，景山南门对面。故宫外围是一条护城河，河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙，城墙四面都有门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门；城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼，造型别致，玲珑剔透。故宫大体可分为两部分，南为工作区，即外朝；北为生活区，即内廷。其所有建筑排列在中轴线上，东西对称。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园，是皇室人员游玩之所。现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。1.TheImperialPalaceTheImperialPalace,alsoknownastheForbid
2、denCity,islocatedinthecenterofBeijingCity,1kmnorthfromtheTiananmenSquare,rightoppositethesouthgateofJingshanMountain.OutsidetheImperialPalaceliesamoat,ontheinnersideofwhichtheresthecitywallwhoseperimeteris3kmwithaheightofnearly10meters.Thewallhasonegateoneachside:theMeridianGatetothesouth,theShenwuG
3、atetothenorth,theDonghuaGatetotheeastandtheXihuaGatetothewest;besides,thererefourexquisitelycarveduniqueturretsstandingateachcornerofthewall.TheForbiddenCitycanberoughlydividedintotwoparts:thesouthernpart,theworkingarea,iscalled“theoutercourt”andthenorthernpart,thelivingarea,isregardedas“theimperial
4、palace”.AlltheconstructionsoftheImperialPalacearearrangedorderlyonthecentralaxiswitheastwestsymmetry.TothenorthofthelivingareaisthesmallbutuniqueImperialGardenwheretheroyalfamilyamusethemselves.Nowadays,somepalacesintheForbiddenCityhavebeenequippedwithcomprehensiveexhibitionswhereabundantancientartt
5、reasuresarecollected.TheNationalPalaceMuseumisthemuseumthatcollectsthemostculturalrelicsinChina.2.天坛公园天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门（也称天坛门）。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，
6、北为祈谷坛。2.TheTempleofHeavenLocatedinsouthernBeijingCity,theTempleofHeavenistheplacewheretheemperorsofMingandQingDynastiesworshipedHeavenandprayedforbumpercrops.TheTempleofHeaveniscomprisedoftheCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests,andthereretwowalls,theinneroneandtheouterone,surroundingt
7、heTempleofHeaven.Withnorthwallbeingcircularandthesouthonesquareasitintersectswiththeeastandwestwallsatrightangles,theyregiventhename“theHeavenandEarthWalls”,representingHeavenandEarth,forinancientChina,peoplebelievedthatHeavenwasroundandEarthwassquare.Thereisnogateattheeast,southandnorthsideoftheout
8、erwallandtheonlytwogatesareatthe westside,whicharetheCircularMoundAltarGateandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsGate,alsoknownastheTiantanGate.While,theinnerwallissurroundedbyfourgates,eachoneateachside.InsidethetemplearethealtarandtheHallofAbstinence,andtheyareseparatedbyacrosswalltrendingeast-west,tot
9、hesouthofwhichistheCircularMoundAltarandtothenorthistheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests.3.颐和园颐和园坐落于北京西郊，是中国古典园林之首，总面积约290公顷，由万寿山和昆明湖组成。全园分3个区域：以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区；以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区；以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。3.TheSummerPalaceLocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing,theSummerPalacewhichisregardedasthemosttypicalChineseclassic
10、algardeniscomposedbytheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake,coveringatotalareaofabout290hectares.Thewholepalaceismainlydividedinto3areas:thepoliticalactivitiesareawiththeHallofBenevolenceandLongevityasthecenter;theroyallivingarea,theHallofJadeRipplesandtheHallofHappinessandLongevity;thescenicareawhichcons
11、istsoftheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake.4.圆明园圆明园坐落在北京西郊，毗邻颐和园，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。圆明园不仅以园林著称，而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆，园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物，园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一，藏有四库全书、古今图书集成、四库全书荟要等珍贵图书文物。不幸的是，这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁，以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠，最终沦为一片废墟。4.TheYuanmingyuanImperialGardenSituatedintheweste
12、rnsuburbsofBeijingandadjoiningtheSummerPalace,theYuanmingyuanImperialGarden,comprisedbyYuanming,ChangchunandYichunGardens,isalargeroyalgardenconstructedandoperatedbytheemperorsofQingDynastywithinmorethan150yearssinceemperorKangxicametopower.NotonlyistheYuanmingyuanImperialGardenfamousforitsgardens,i
13、tsalsoaroyalmuseumthathasarichcollectionofrareculturalrelicsofhomeandabroad.Asoneofthefourroyallibrariesacrossthenation,theWenyuanChamber,alsoknownastheImperialLibrary,collectsmanypreciousbooks,e.g.TheSiKuQuanShu,CollectionofAncientandModernBooks,theSiKuQuanShuAbstract.However,unfortunately,afterthe
14、Anglo-FrenchAlliedForceplunderedandburneddownthegardeninlate20thcenturyandnumerousdestructionsbyotherinvaders,thisworld-famousgardenwasreducedtonothingbutruins.5.鼓楼、钟楼鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街，与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心，1990年起，鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华，登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑，天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区，可以看到
