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1、100个最最常用医学词根和词缀Table 1 E*amples of organs and systems 局部器官与系统术语中文普通词根/前/后缀形容词例如1心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology 心脏病学 endocarditis 心膜炎myocarditis 心肌炎2脑braincerebroencephalocerebralcerebrum 大脑cerebellum 小脑encephalopathy 脑病3颅skullcraniocranialintracranial 颅的4肺lungPulmopulmonopulmonarypulmonology 肺
2、病学pulmonitis 肺炎5肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis 肝炎hepatobiliary 肝胆的hepatoenterostomy 肝肠吻合6肾kidneynephrorenalnephritis 肾炎nephropathy 肾病nephrectomy 肾切除7胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis 胃炎gastrectomy 胃切除8肠intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis 肠炎gastroenteritis 胃肠炎enterostomy 肠造口术9食道/管esophagusesophagoe
3、sophagealesophagitis 食道炎esophagoscopy 食道镜10胆 汁Bile cholebiliarycholecystitis 胆囊炎cholesterol 胆固醇11脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy 脾切除splenomegaly脾大12胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis 胰腺pancreatopathy 胰腺病13膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis 膀胱炎cystography 膀胱造影14泌尿urineurourethrourinaryurology 泌尿病
4、学transurethral 经尿道的15直肠rectusrectorectalrectoscopy 直肠镜检查rectoplasty 直肠成形术 rectocolitis 直肠结肠炎16结肠coloncolocolonalcolitis 结肠炎colostomy 结肠造口17肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis 心肌炎myoma 肌瘤18关节jointarthroarticulararthritis 关节炎arthropathy 关节病19骨boneosteoosteoarthritis 骨关节炎osteoplasty 骨整形20髓marrowmyelomyeloma
5、骨髓瘤myelitis 骨髓炎myelopathy 骨髓病21血bloodhematohematic hematology 血液学 hematoma 血肿22血管vesselvasoangiovascularvasopressin 血管加压素angiography 血管造影23动脉artery arterioarterialarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 24静脉veinveno venousIntravenous 静脉的25神经nerveneuronervousneuron 神经元neuroma 神经瘤26细胞cellcytocellularcytology 细胞学leukocy
6、te 白细胞27眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmitis 眼炎28耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer 听力计audiosurgery 耳外科29鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢nasogastric 鼻胃的30口mouthorooralorolingual 口舌的31舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual 舌下的32喉throatlaryngolaryngeallaryngectomy 喉切除laryngitis 喉炎33咽thro
7、atpharyngopharyngealpharyngitis 咽炎34气管/道Airway / pipe / passagetracheotrachealtracheostomy 气管插管tracheoscope 气管镜tracheoesophageal 气管食道的 35体body -some /some-physicalpsychosomatice身心的chromosome 染色体36精神mind psycho-mentalpsychology 心理学psychosis 精神病Table 2 E*amples of diseased states (局部病态术语)含义词跟/前/后缀例如37
8、病patho-pathypathogen 病原体 / pathology 病理学encephalopathy脑病38病态-osisneurosis 神经病 / tuberculosis 结核39增多-osisleukocytosis 白细胞增多症40减少-peniapancytopenia 全血细胞减少41炎症-it isarthritis 关节炎 / hepatitis 肝炎42肿块-omalymphoma 淋巴瘤 / carcinoma癌43疼痛-algia-algesiaarthralgia 关节痛 / analgesia 止痛44血症-emialeukemia 白血病 / bacter
9、emia菌血症45麻痹-plegiahemiplegia 偏瘫 / myoplegia 肌肉麻痹46坏死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝坏死 / necrotic 坏死的47不良mal-malnutrition 营养不良 / malfunction 功能障碍, 48流出-rrheadiarrhea 腹泻 /menorrhea月经49困难/障碍dys-dysfunction 功能障碍 / dyspnea呼吸困难 / dysuria 排尿困难50无aan-atypical 不典型的 / asymptomatic无病症的 / anuria 无尿 / analgesia 止痛
10、51复合/多poly-polyuria 多尿 / polyopia视物显多症52巨-megalysplenomegaly 脾大 / acromegaly 肢端肥大症53结石litho-lithcholelithes 胆结石 / lithiasis结石病54硬化-sclerosisAthrosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 / arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 Table 3 E*amples of surgical terminology 局部外科术语含义前/后缀例如55切除-ectomygastrectomy 胃切除56切开-otomycraniotomy 开颅手术57造口/吻合-s
11、tomycolostomy 结肠造口58整矫形ortho-orthopedics 骨科59造影、描绘-graphyangiography 血管造影/ radiography 拍片60经/ 横向trans-transurethral 经尿道的 / transcutaneous 经皮的 / transfusion 输血61成形-plastyesophagoplasty 食道成形术Table 4 E*amples of directions and positions (局部方向位置)含义普通前/后缀例如62上Upper, superiorepi- , supra-epigastric 上腹部的/
12、supraclavicular 锁骨上的63下lower, inferiorinfra-, sub-subclavicular锁骨下的 / inferior vena cava下腔静脉64前front, anterior, priorfore-, ante, pre-, antero, forehead 前额 / anteroposterior 前后的/正位的65后back, posterior, rear post-, retro-, postero-postprandial餐后的/ retroperitoneal 腹膜后的66inner, internalIn-, intra, endo,
13、 ento-Inhalation吸入 / endoscope窥镜 / intracranial颅的 67外outer, e*ternale*-, e*o- e*tract 提取 / e*cretion排泄 / e*ocardial心外的68侧lateral bilateral双侧的 / unilateral单侧的/ contralateral对侧的69旁/副adjacent, appendi* para-parathyroid 甲状旁腺/ paracancer 癌旁 70周peripheral, aroundperi-Perioperative 围术的 / perinatal围产的 71间between inter-intercostal 肋间的/ intercedllular细胞间的 72中心Central centro-, centri-centrifuge 离心/ centronucleus中心核Table 5 E*amples of cells and colors 局部细胞与颜色含义
