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1、2022年考博英语-重庆大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 写作题Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the following topic On Paying back student Loans. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1. 现今，在高校通过助学贷款完成学业的学生越来越多。2. 但是有些学生毕业后没有能力或拒
2、绝按时还贷。3. 你认为贷款的学生应如何对待还贷问题。【答案】略2. 写作题The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970 and 1990. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph and giving possible reasons for the change of the
3、 modes.【答案】略3. 写作题Some people believe that a range of technology available has increased the gap between rich people and poor people, but others believe it has opposite effects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.【答案】略4. 单选题Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural ac
4、tivity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brains memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recogni
5、tion is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that
6、internal representation features are matched serially with an objects features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the
7、 serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.1.The author is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?I. A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its int
8、ernal representation.II. An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.III. The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is（ ）.问题1选项A.ex
9、plaining how the brain receives imagesB.synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognitionC.examining the evidence supporting the serial recognition hypothesisD.discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it问题2选项A.II onlyB.III onlyC.I and III onlyD.II and III only问题3选项A.not a ne
10、ural activityB.not possible when an object is viewed for the very first timeC.not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in some wayD.now fully understood as a combination of the serial and parallel processes【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一句为整段的中心句，根据文章第一句，“Visual recognition invol
11、ves storing and retrieving memories.”，可知本文的话题为视觉识别。下文对视觉识别的过程和原理通过一系列的假设进行具体的阐释。可判断出作者在本文涉及到的主要问题是讨论视觉识别，并提出一些假设来解释它。选项D符合题意。2.判断推理题。根据文章第五句，“Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the re
12、tinal image in a single operation.”，格式塔学派的心理学家认为，物体是通过一个并行的过程被识别为一个整体的：内部表征与视网膜图像是在一个单独的操作中匹配的。可判断出“一个物体作为一个整体被识别，不需要拆解成组成部分”和“物体与其内部图像的匹配只需要一步”都是格式塔学派心理学家对视觉识别做出的假设。选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章第二、三句，“Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brains memory system that constitutes an inter
13、nal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized.”，视觉识别的过程为：由眼睛触发的神经活动在大脑的记忆系统中形成一个图像，这个图像构成了被观察物体的内部表象。当这个物体再次被看到时，物体与它内部的表象进行匹配，从而识别该对象。可判断出根据本文，视觉识别中的匹配过程是不可能发生在一个物体第一次被看到时。选项B符合题意。5. 填空题THE IRON BR
14、IDGEThe Iron Bridge was the first of as kind in Europe and is universally recognized as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution.A: The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, in the west of England. It was the first cast-iron bridge to be successfully erected, and the first large cast-i
15、ron structure of the industrial age in Europe, although the Chinese were expert iron-casters many centuries earlier.B: Rivers used to the equivalent of todays motorways, in that they were extensively used for transportation. The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventual
16、ly enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain. It was ideal for transportation purpose, and special boats were built to navigate the waters. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Severn was one of the busiest rivers in Europe. Local goods, including coal,
