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1、中考英语复习必备：动词的语态动词的语态1. 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .(被动)2. 被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词(be +p.p.)，be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：时态 谓语动词的形式例子 一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the fa
2、ctory . 一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 . 一般将来时 Shall / will + be +动词过去分词 The film will be shown again . 现在实行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted . 过去实行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then . 现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词
3、 A new road has been built here .时态 谓语动词的形式例子 过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back . 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题：1）带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father .
4、/ A book was given to me by my father .2）英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .3）在英语中有时be + V-ed结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .4）在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
5、补足语的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.5） 宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh.6）如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed.
6、/ The lessons we missed must be made up for .7）下列情况不能用被动语态：A. 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday.B. 连系动词： The girl looks like her sister.C. 宾语为反身代词：He always dresses himself neatly.D. 宾语为相互代词：The students often help each other.E. 同源宾语：At that time, they lived a happy life.F. 表示状态的及物动词：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan.
