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1、非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。I want to read a book written by the woman living there. 谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to
2、 do; 同时常用doing。二、非谓语动词有三种：不定式 (to do） 否定(not to do) V-ing （doing） 否定(not doing) 过去分词（done） 否定(not done) 三、非谓语动词功能表 主语宾语定语表语补语状语To do动名词现在分词V-ed四、不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作主语To run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、作表语Our plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、作宾语I want to buy a dictionary.
3、4、作定语He has a chance to go abroad. 5、作状语 To finish the work, he had to get up early.6、作补语I ask us to help him.动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、主语Nodding means agreement. 2、宾语Would you mind closing the windows?3、表语His job is selling newspapers.4、定语This is a swimming pool.现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、表语He is selling newspap
4、ers.2、定语The dancing man is my uncle.3 补语He kept me waiting so long.4 状语Walking in the street, I met my teacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语 This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.2、表语The shop is closed. 3、补语She found her glass stolen.4、状语Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.五、非谓语动词的形式动词不定式主动态被
5、动态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing现在分词/动名词主动态 被动态一般式doing being done 完成式having donehaving been done过去分词done动词不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to
6、be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被动态)Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式)现在分词的形式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being criticized by the boss , he listened attentively. (一般式被
7、动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)过去分词的形式 Given more time, we could have done it better.The bridge built last month needs repairing.一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往一种经常性、习惯性的行为，不定式做主语常表示某一次具体的行为。例如：Collecting information about childr
8、ens health is his job. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.当动名词短语或者不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling. Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：Its adj. / n. for / of sb. to do sth. (不定式的复合结构) （1）Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to d
9、o （2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.如：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone. It was wise of him to do that. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：Its no good (use, fun) doing.Its (a) waste of time ones doing.4、疑问词+不定式可以在句中充当主语，宾语或表语。Where to build
10、the factory hasnt been desided.He told us what to do.5. 注意：动名词复合结构做主语：当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，不可以用人称代词主格和宾格，也不可以用名词的普通格。 His coming here will be a great help. (不可用He和Him) Jacks suddenly disappearing made them worried. (不可用Jack)对比：动名词作复合结构宾语：此时，带逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。（动名词复合结构做宾语
11、）Do you mind my / me reading your paper?She doesnt like Mary / Marys talking that way. 二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。What I would suggest is to start work at once. 2、动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。His hobby is collecting stamps. 3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与内容；进行时表示正在进行的动作。The task of this class is practising
12、 the idioms. （现在分词做表语）With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms.（现在进行时）4、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）5、注意如下表示心理动作的动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：表心理状态的interesting, exciting, delightin
13、g, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等形容词化分词作表语时，表示“令人的”；interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, pleased, puzzled, worried, surprised等表示“感到”。Travelling is interesting but tiring. 。 来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&KThe pupils will get confused if they are
14、 made to learn too much. 6、 除be done外， get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词都可跟done。如remain seated / hidden，get paid / dressed / changed / stuck / hurt / injured / burnt等。What the workers have been told is that they get paid by the hour. 7、下列be done表示所处的状态（注意此类短语用做状语时，经常直接去掉be动词来使用）be addicted to沉迷于be absorbed in全神贯注于be aimed at旨在 / 意图be armed with 有装备be buried in埋葬在be based on / upon以为基础be born出生于be burdened with担负着be crowded with挤满了be covered with / by覆盖着be coated with涂抹了be combined with与联合be
