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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题But as the winter went on, I found it harder and harder to withdraweither from the events we read and heard about, or from the zeal that seized the students in the seminar.问题1选项A.enthusiasmB.motivationC.evidenceD.process【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. enthusiasm 热情，热忱 B. mo
2、tivation 动力C. evidence 证明，证据 D. process （为达到某一目标的）过程，进程【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】zeal的意思为“热情，激情”，指的是研讨会上学生们的热情，enthusiasm与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】但随着冬天的到来，我发现自己越来越难以从我们读到和听到的事件中抽身，也越来越难以从研讨会上学生们的热情中抽身。2. 填空题In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last
3、20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, to make them more resistant to quakes. A B C D【答案】C to make改为making【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。【解题思路】C部分到句尾是句子的状语，前面说到洛杉矶修改了建筑法规，这一举措使城市建筑和高速公路更坚固，伴随而来的是抗震能力提高了，C部分到句尾这部分为伴随状语，因此C部分应为making。【句意】此外，在过去20年里，洛杉矶对建筑法规进行了修改，加强了城市建筑和高速公路的抗震能力。3. 单选题The brick
4、-and-mortar museum that exists in the real world is unlikely to become obsolete, but “visiting” museums in cyberspace is now a common pastime.问题1选项A.hobbyB.fashionC.modeD.pattern【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. hobby 业余爱好（活动） B. fashion （衣服、发式等的）流行款式，时兴式样C. mode 风格，样式 D. pattern 模式【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】pastime的意思为“
5、消遣，休闲活动”，指的是在线参观博物馆已成为一种普遍的休闲活动，只有hobby与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】现实世界中的实体博物馆不太可能过时，但现在在线参观博物馆已成为一种普遍的休闲活动。4. 填空题Sedona, located in Arizonas high desert, is famous for its _ beautiful red-sandstone formations. (startle)【答案】startlingly【解析】【考查点】副词。【解题思路】横线处修饰形容词beautiful，所以应该用副词，startling
6、ly意思为“惊人地”，在这里强调美丽的程度，符合语境。【句意】塞多纳位于美国亚利桑那州的高沙漠地带，以美丽的红砂岩而闻名。5. 翻译题Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting
7、it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of them I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach each its due weigh. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of t
8、he special knowledge required of various kinds of techniques. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of
9、 medicine. You succeed in enormously lowering the infant death-rate in the world. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, you st
10、udy the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capa
11、city for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.【答案】【参考译文】大多数人会认同，虽然我们现在的时代在知识方面超过了以前的任何一个时代，但在智慧方面并没有相应的增长。但是，一旦我们试图给智慧下定义并想办法提升智慧，达成一致的意见就不复存在。有几个因素有助于增长智慧。其中，我首先要讲的是一种比例感，即在一个问题中考虑到所有重要因素，并给予每个因素应有的份量的能力。这比过去更加困难，因为各种技术需要更加广泛和复杂的专业知识。例如，假设
12、你正在参与医学科学的研究，这工作很可能需要你全身心投入，你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在医学领域之外可能产生的影响。你大幅度地降低了世界上婴儿的死亡率，这也造成了完全意想不到的结果：世界上人口最多的地区粮食供应不足，生活水平降低。再举一个更生动的例子，你研究原子的组成是出于对知识的渴望，无关利害，却无意中让势力强大、又丧心病狂的人掌握了毁灭人类的方法。因此，随着知识和技能的每一次增长，智慧就变得越发必要，因为知识和技能的每一次增长都会提高我们实现目标的能力。因此，如果我们动机不纯，也会提高我们作恶的能力。6. 单选题As more and more African Americans moved
13、 away from segregated housing, they had less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to speak standard American English.问题1选项A.restrictedB.isolatedC.outdatedD.exhausted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. restricted 限制，限定（数量、范围等） B. isolated （使）隔离，孤立C. outdated （新东西）使过时 D. exhausted 使筋疲力尽【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】se
14、gregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。7. 填空题It could perhaps be said that the attraction or _ some of us occasionally have towards those with wealth may have partially evolved from this dynamic. (admire)【答案】admiration【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据or，可知横线处和attraction都是名词，admiration意思为“赞赏，羡慕”，指的是对富人的羡慕，符合语境。【句意】或许可以这样说，我们当中的部分人偶尔对富人的向往或羡慕，可能在一定程度上就是从这种相互作用的方式演变而来的。8. 填空题A theory often involves an imaginary model that hel
