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1、词汇是考研英语的基础，记忆词汇的方法有很多种，大家要选取有效合适的方法。下面中公考研为大家分享关于词汇分类的知识，希望大家可以了解，辅助自己记单词。Part1: The Lexical Categories of LanguageWhenever you are learning a foreign language, it is important to be familiar with the lexical categories of a language. The words in a given language play different roles in the transmi
2、ssion of information, and they also have varying degrees of importance orrelevance for the learner. We will identify and describe three very broad categories of words that exist in all languages in order to assess the students learning priorities, as well as to devise effective ways to approach thos
3、e priorities in the best way possible.Here are these three broad categories:第一部分：语言的词汇分类当你学习一门外语时,熟悉词汇分类很重要。特定语言的词汇在信息的传播中扮演不同的角色，对于学习者来说重要程度和相关性也不同。为了评估学生的学习重点和设计尽可能有效的方法来接近这些重点，我们会区分和描述三大类在所有语言中都广泛存在的词汇。这是这三大类：Group 1:Grammatical or structural words: 2% of all words in a languageThese are words th
4、at are very important to the comprehension of a language. At any skill level, there are certain structural words that learners should become familiar with, except perhaps for the very advanced levels, where the emphasis is on communication, not grammatical perfection. Examples of these grammatical o
5、r structural words are question words, prepositions, personal pronouns, articles, and so on.第一组：语法与结构类词汇：占一类语言总词汇的2%这类词汇对理解一类语言非常重要。不管对这类语言掌握程度如何，学习者都需要对一些结构类词汇很熟悉，除非非常熟练，不需要注意语法的完美，而是更注重沟通。一些这些语法或者结构类词汇的例子，比如疑问词，介词，人称代词，冠词，等等。A speaker of a language cannot be deemed to know completely the language
6、without knowing all of its grammatical words. Imagine an English speaker who doesnt know what the word “How?” means, or the preposition “in”, the pronoun “we”, or the conjunction “however”. This is the category of words with the highest importance and priority. Of course, at the beginning level, a s
7、ubset of more basic grammatical words will be the priority.不能认为说某种语言的人可以在不知道全部的语法词汇的情况下完全掌握此类语言，想象一下一个讲英语的人不知道单词“How”，介词“in”，代词“we”,或者连词“however”的意思。这一类的词汇是最重要，最高优先级的。当然，在初学时，此类词汇中还有一部分更基础的更需要优先学习。Grammatical words are also called structural words because they express some relationship within the di
8、fferent parts of the phrase or syntax. Grammatical words may appear as a group of related words, but a single word generally does not exhibit multiple forms or morphological changes. However, a single words position within thesentence is often very important.语法类单词也被称为结构单词，因为他们表达了不同短语或语法之间的关系。语法类词汇经常
9、以一组相关的词汇出现，但单独一个单词通常不会展示多种形式或形态变化。然而，单独一个单词在句子当中的位置通常是非常重要的。Group 2:Vocabulary: 90% of all words in a languageThis category of words is important for understanding the meaning ofconcepts related to a particular topic. The vocabulary category consists largely of nouns, simply because everything has a
10、 name. Nouns can have a small number ofwell-determined forms or permutations, usually expressed through their endings, in order to express things such as gender, and number.第二组：词汇：占一类语言的90%。此类词汇对理解一个特定话题中一些概念的意思很重要。这类单词很大部分由名词组成，因为每个东西都有个名字。名词可以有少量确定的格式或排列，通常在他们的结尾处显示，来表达一些例如性别和数字的事情。The importance
11、of knowing a certain vocabulary word depends on how necessary the word is for the learner to speak about a certain concept. Vocabulary words are interconnected within families of words that come from a particular root, and the interrelated nature of these word families, along with the existence of s
12、ynonyms, makes it possible for the learner to infer the meaning of unknown vocabulary words from the context. Because of this, out of the three categories of words, the category of vocabulary words is the least essential to master.掌握某些单词是否重要在于，对于学习者来说讲述某些概念时这些单词有多必要。词汇单词一般来自出于某相互关联并来自共同根源的单词家庭中，而且这些
13、单词家庭相互关联的特性，再加上同义词的存在，可以让学习者根据语境猜测未知单词的意思。正因为如此，在这三大类词汇中，这一类单词是相对最不必要去掌握的。Nonetheless, this category is very important, and its importance increases as thestudent moves into the upper-intermediate and advanced levels. At a beginning level, a subset of basic vocabulary, usually related to frequent li
14、fe situations, takes a higher priority over a more advanced vocabulary.尽管如此，这类单词仍然非常重要，并且当学生在中上层和上层水平进步时这类单词重要性增加。在初学者水平，这类单词中在日常生活中经常使用的基础的一部分，要比高级词汇具有更高的优先级。Group 3:Verbs: 8% of all words in a languageThis category of words shares characteristics with both the categories listed above, grammatical
15、words and vocabulary words. These words are highly structural, as they are considered the“bridge” between the subject and the object in the sentence. Because of this, their correct placement within the sentence is invariably crucial. However, the most important characteristics of a verb are the nume
16、rous permutations that it can have, and the information that those permutations convey, usually through a system of suffixes.第三组：动词：占一类语言总单词量的8%这类单词与上面两类单词有共同的特性，语法类单词和纯单词。这些单词是高度结构化的，因为他们在句子中的主体和客体之间起到桥梁的作用。正因如此他们在句子中的位子总是至关重要的。然而动词最重要的特性是他们无数的排列，以及这些排列传达的意思，这些通常通过后缀表达。Verbs express a temporal relationship (tenses), an aspect (duration or state of completeness), mo
