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1、有机化学英文名汉文名Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenyl group苯基Aryl group芳基Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型的Activating group活化基团Chromophore生色团Auxochrome助色团Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Smally ring小环Common ring普通环Medium rimg中环Large ring大环Bridged-ring system桥环体系Spiro compoun
2、d螺环化合物Helical molecule螺旋型分子Octahedral compound八面体化合物Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Acyl cation酰基正离子Benzylic cation苄基正离子Arenirm ion芳基正离子Ketyl radical羰自由基Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子Isomerism异构现象Aci form酸式Fluxional structure循变结构Stereochemistry立体化学Optical activity光学活性Dext
3、ro isomer右旋异构体Laevo isomer左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构现象Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳 / Pseudoasymmetric carbon假不对称碳Phantom atom虚拟原子Homotopic等位的Heterotopic异位的Enantiotopic对映异位的Diastereotopic非对映异位的Configuration构型Absolute configuration绝对构型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiral
4、 center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischer projection费歇尔投影式Neoman projection纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Symmetry factor对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映异构体Diastereomer非对映异构体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基差向异构体
5、Erythro configuration赤型构型Erythro isomer赤型异构体Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构E isomerE异构体Z isomerZ异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer外型异构体Prochirality前手性Pro-R group前R基团Pro-S proup前S基团Re faceRe面Si faceSi面Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic s
6、olid solution外消旋固体溶液Meso compound内消旋化合物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsion angle扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anti conformation反式构象Bisecting conformation等分构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Eclipsed conformation
7、重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Atropismer阻转异构体Puckered ring折叠环Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Boat conformation船型构象Twist conformation扭型构象Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Pseudorot
8、ation假旋转Envelope conformation信封型构象Axial bond直立键Equatorial bond 平伏键Cisoid conformation顺向构象Transoid conformation反向构象Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Crams rube克拉姆规则Prelogrule普雷洛格规则S
9、tereochemical orientation立体化学取向Conformational transmission构象传递Homolog同系物Ipso position本位Ortho position邻位Meta position间位Para position对位Amphi position 远位Peri position近位Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Valence bond method价键法Delocalezed bond离域键Cross conjugation交叉共轭Vinylog插烯物Mesomeri
10、c effect中介效应Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭No-bond resonance无键共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Non-alternant hyd
11、rocarbon非交替烷Pericyclic reaction周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement电环化重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroatatory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Antarafacial reaction异面反应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Leois structure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Banana bond香蕉键Pauling electronegativity sc
12、ale鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductive effect诱导效应Field effect场效应Electrical effect电场效应tautomerism互变异构Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism价互变异构Ambident两可的Solvent effect溶剂效应Acid-b
13、ase catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Basic solvent碱性溶剂Dielectric constant介电常数Solvated electron溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Kinetic acidity动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给体受体络合物Host主体Guest客体Primary isotope effect一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control热力学控制Substrate底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility微观可逆性Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Linear
