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1、 语法复习专题（5）Unit5 介词和连词一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering
2、、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.He quarrelled with her yesterday.He succeeded in passing the final exam.Im still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.The professor will give us a talk on
3、how to study English well.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。rob sb. of sth. / clear the road
4、 of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.s + 部位，可换用）strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿
5、，扯”意义与by连用)hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)give sth. to sb.（give
6、、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）注意：可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。 for（寻找） to sth. of(听说) on(拜访)look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要) at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(请)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。reply to the letter回
7、信，sing(dance)to the music和唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有，devote to把贡献给，drink to为干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜，ask for 寻找，use for用作，leave for前往，take for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare to把比作，send for派人
8、去请（拿），sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好。（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。 of担心 about / at sth. afraid angry for 替而担心 with sb.for sth.渴望 different from与不同 amxious about sth. / sb担心 different to 不关心 of讨厌 with sb.tired strict from/ with因疲倦 in sth.要求严格 at擅长 with sb.受欢迎good for对有益 popular in some place流行在 of sb.
9、 to do so友好 for 因而流行 with + 名词或what从句 pleased helpful to对有帮助 at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到而高兴） to sb.为人所知 known for因而出名 be familiar with熟悉 as作为出名 be familiar to为熟知（悉）sorry for 替后悔 disappointed at sth.失望 from缺席rich in富有 absent in离开此地去了worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离远，grateful for sth. to sb.
10、为某事感激某人，free from没有（免除），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。the absence of water缺水 the hope of success成功的希望have a chance of (for) entering
11、college上大学的机会take pride in them为他们感到骄傲the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票 in Beijing去了北京 his abesence from Beijing不在北京 to study学习方法the wayof studying maths学习教学的方法3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s, in the year, in
12、 January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在
13、以后”。in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion in discussing the problemduring her stay in Hubei in playing basketballduring the course of in digging the tunnel （2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morningon Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on Childrens Dayon March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1) on a rainy night, on warm winter days(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。at br
