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1、How to deal with questions of word guessing in reading comprehension Learning aims:Students should master the skills of guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases while reading.Step 1 Pre-classRead the following passage and guess the meanings of the underlined words.Can Animals Count?The A
2、mericancootis a duck-like North American bird. Sometimes acootwill try andsneakone of its eggs into a neighbors nest. Somecootsrecognize thedeception, and roll the strangers egg out again. Others dont catch on, and raise the strangers egg as their own.Researcher Bruce Lyon at the University of Calif
3、ornia, Santa Cruz, and his team observed a series ofcootnests for four seasons, noting which birds could spot a strangers eggs and which couldnt. Then they compared how many eggs each kind laid.Their finding? Thecootsthat couldnt tell when a strangers egg had been stuck into their nest laid that man
4、y fewer of their own. Sneakone in, thecootlays one fewer. Sneaktwo in, thecootlays two fewer.Cootsthat successfully spottedintrudersknocked them out again and then laid the same number they normally would.Lyon argues that, along with eggrecognition, thecootsmust therefore be doing some version of “I
5、 see I have nine eggs heretime to stop laying now.” And that meanscootscount. Other researchers arent convinced. But though the debate goes on, the case for animal counting just got strongerby the weight of onecoot.Write down the meanings of the underlined words：coot sneak deception catch on spot in
6、truders Step2 During-class猜测词义的方法：一, 根据构词法知识猜测词义。 在英语中有许多种构成单词的方法，常见的有三种：合成法，派生法和转化法。1. 合成法是指由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词的构词法。如：nightlife, snow-white, ice-covered, good-looking, typewriter, absent-minded, darkroom, downtown, sightseeing等。 2. 派生法，也叫词缀法。一般是通过在已有词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形成的一个新词。如：dislike, unnecessary, impossi
7、ble, endanger, retell, useless, foolish, national, friendly, golden, movement, worker, childhood, happiness, direction等。3. 转化法是指不通过给一个已有的词语加上前缀或后缀却能改变词语的词性或词义。Have you booked your ticket? (n.v.) His hair is beginning to grey. (adj.v.)Let me have a try. (v.n.) Tom went home early. (n.adv.)注：首先要熟悉基本的构
8、词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。二，联系上下文，猜测词义。1. 关注上下文中的定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，is, means, that is(to say), or, or rather, i.e., in other words, namely, ：， ( ) ， It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily. A. easily broken B. soft inside C. very hard D. expensive The herdsman, who looks a
9、fter sheep, earns about 650 Yuan a month. A. keeper of a group of animals, esp. cattle B. a butcher C. a man who sell sheep D. a person who looks after and kills animals The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood. A. 少儿期 B. 幼儿期 C. 青春期 D. 成人期 2. 留意上下文中的信息词。 注意对比和转折关系。 Alth
10、ough the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. （ ） He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated. （ ）注：表对比转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though, otherwise等。 依据同义词和反义词进行猜测 The football player was penalized fo
11、r unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. （ ） He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. （ ） Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or m
12、ake new friends. （ ）注：信息词常有and, but, while, however, unlike等。 通过因果关系猜词 All his attempts to unlock the door were futile, because she was using the wrong key. （ ） I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time （ ）注：常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so,
13、 so that, such that, thus 等表示前因后果。 注意并列结构 Most women in Chinathe educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. It is really causing slight anger or irritation. （ ）注：常有信号词有: and, but, or, than, m
14、ore than, rather than, etc. 根据举例猜测词义 I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. （ ） Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. （ ）注：常用的关联词有: for example, e.g, such as, such .etc3. 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词。 But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. （ ） The snake slithered through the grass. （ ）特别提醒： 在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能会综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不开对生词所处的上下文的理解。Competition Guess the meanings of the following w
