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1、人教版英语精品资料Section_Grammar_&_Writing名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语一、名词性从句的定义、分类及连接词1定义在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。2分类根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predictive Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。3连接词引导名词性从句的关联词有连词三个、连接代词五个、连接副词四个。词形词义在从句中所作的成分连词thatif/whether是否连接代词who(ever)(无
2、论)谁(主格)主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语 where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样，怎么状语 why为什么状语二、主语从句1主语从句的连接词(1)that和whether/if：连接词that在主语从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；whether引导的主语从句可位于复合句的句首，而if引导主语从句时不能位于句首，常用it作形式主语。T
3、hat she was chosen made us very happy.她的入选使我们很高兴。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。考题印证1(山东高考改编)Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away.(2)连接代词有who, whose, whom, what, which,
4、 whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。连接代词可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who he is is not important.他是谁并不重要。Whatever he said is right.他所说的话都是对的。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.任何得到这份工作的人都将有很多事情要做。考题印证2(重庆高考改编)What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.(3)连接副词(w
5、hen, where, how, why, however等)。连接副词通常在从句中作状语。How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.囚犯是怎样逃脱的仍是个谜。When we will start off is an important question.我们何时出发是个重要的问题。考题印证3(陕西高考改编)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.2主语从句与形式主语it基本句型结构常用词语It is名词that从句常用的名词有a fact, a shame,
6、 a pity, no wonder等It is形容词that从句常用的形容词有necessary, strange, important, possible等。形容词为important, necessary等时，主语从句的谓语用“(should)动词原形”It is过去分词that从句常用的过去分词有said, reported, decided, believed, suggested, ordered等。过去分词为suggested, ordered等表“建议，命令”等的词时，主语从句的谓语用“(should)动词原形”It不及物动词(短语)that从句常用的不及物动词(短语)有see
7、m, happen, turn out等Its a pity that you missed the film.你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。It seems that they will win the game.看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。考题印证4(新课标全国卷改编)It is by no means clear what the pres
8、ident can do to end the strike.(山东高考改编)It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(江西高考改编)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.3主语从句的注意事项从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述句语序。主谓一致：从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应依据作表语的名词而定。Who did this is st
9、ill unknown.这件事是谁做的还不知道。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。What they need is love.他们需要的是爱。三、宾语从句1宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词有：that, if/whether (是否), 连接代词(who, whom, what, whoever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how)等。如：He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.(在口语或非正式文体的单个或首个宾语从句中，“that”常可省略)他告诉
10、我他明年会上大学。He didnt tell me when we would meet again.他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。考题印证5(福建高考改编)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.2动词、形容词和介词后的宾语从句(1)大多数及物动词后都可以跟宾语从句，需要注意的是：demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等表要求、命令、建议的动词后的宾语从句的谓语常用“(should)动词原形”；若主句谓语是find, feel, consider, make
11、, believe, think等，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于宾补后；有些动词接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语，这类动词主要有hate, take, appreciate等。The teacher suggested that we (should) review it.老师建议我们复习一下它。We all find it important that we make a quick decision.我们都认为立刻做出决定很重要。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。Id appre
12、ciate it if you come to help me.如果你来帮我，我将不胜感激。(2)介词后的宾语从句：一般情况下，介词后常接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。而except, but等少数介词后也可接that引导的宾语从句。We are talking about whether we should admit students into our club.我们正在讨论的是我们是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.他没有意识到他有了一个多么重要的发现。The pap
13、er was perfect except that there were some misprints.除了一些印刷错误之外，这篇论文很好。考题印证6(辽宁高考改编)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whatever he could find about Mark Twain.3宾语从句的注意事项(1)动词it形容词或惯用搭配that从句。点津宾语从句在接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that从句。We think it im
14、portant that every citizen should have good manners.我们认为每个市民有礼貌是很重要的。(2)宾语从句的否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。这类句子变反意疑问句时应注意：若主句主语是第一人称，简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致，且简略问句用肯定形式；若主句主语不是第一人称，简略问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致，且简略问句用肯定形式。I dont think I can rem
15、ember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。I dont think you are right, are you?我认为你是不对的，不是吗？You dont imagine he passed the exam, do you?你认为他没有通过考试，是吗？四、表语从句1从属连词whether, as, as if/though引导的表语从句。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。2because, why引导的表语从句。Thats because he was ill.那是因为他生病了。(Thats because .强调原因)Thats why he asked for a twoday leave.那
