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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It has been estimated that about one fifth to one third of the worlds farmable topsoil is being eroded at a rate that will seriously undermine future productivity.问题1选项A.stimulateB.weakenC.determineD.harness【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。undermine表示“破坏，削弱”；A项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激励
2、”，B项weaken“减少，使变弱”，C项determine“决定，确定，判定”，D项harness“治理，利用”。句意：据估计，世界上大约五分之一到三分之一的可耕种表土正在被侵蚀，其速度将严重削弱未来的生产力。因此，根据句意可知B选项正确。2. 单选题Rush took a(n) dogmatic approach to medicine, convinced that all diseases had essentially the same cause: fever.问题1选项A.definiteB.confidentC.explicitD.arbitrary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词
3、辨析。dogmatic表示“教条的，武断的”；A项definite“一定的，确切的”，B项confident“自信的，确信的”，C项explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”，D项arbitrary“任意的，武断的”。句意：拉什对医学采取独断专行的态度，相信所有的疾病本质上都有相同的原因，那就是发烧。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。3. 单选题He left the house _ unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.问题1选项A.assiduouslyB.blithelyC.perfunctorilyD.domestically【答案】C
4、【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。4. 翻译题When some Americans speak of the virtues of English, they almost always begin by
5、 glorifying its enormous vocabulary, which is at least twice as large as that of any other language. But this is not what enchants the foreigner; on the contrary, the vast reaches of the vocabulary naturally alarm him. The thing that really wins him is the clarity and simplicity of the language. We
6、use, for all our store of Latin polysyllables, a great many more short words than long ones, and we are always trying to make the long ones short. What was once puniligrion is now pun; what was gasoline only yesterday is already gas. No other European language has so many three-letter words, nor so
7、many four-word sayings. “First come, first served”that is typically English, for it is bold, plain, and short.【答案】当一些美国人谈及英语的优点时，几乎总是一开始就赞美其词汇量之庞大，英语的词汇比任何其他语言的词汇至少多一倍。然而，吸引外国人的并不是词汇量大，相反，浩瀚的词汇很容易令外国人担忧。真正赢得外国人的是英语简练和淳朴的特征。尽管英语中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音节词，但我们却更多地使用短语，少用长词。而且，我们总是努力把长词缩短。以前使用puniligrion，现在缩短成了pun
8、；昨天还是gasoline，今天已成为gas。欧洲没有任何一种其他语言有这么多由三个字母构成的单词，也没有如此多由四个单词构成的语言。“First comes, first served（先到先供应）”便是典型的英语，因为它一目了然、朴实无华、短小精悍。5. 单选题This is but a _ of the total amount of information which the teenagers have stored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项fractio
9、n“分数，部分，小部分”，C项faction“派别，内讧，小集团”，D项fracture“破裂，断裂”。由the total amount of information“信息的总量”可知，“一部分”符合语境。句意：这只是青少年储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，该题选择B项正确。6. 单选题If faced and accepted, failure contributes personal growth and often leads to improved personal relationships.问题1选项A.faced and acceptedB.contributesC.leads
10、toD.improved【答案】D【解析】考查介词用法。to是不定式，后面的动词一般都要跟动词原形，而句子中的improved是过去分词形式，并且lead to do sth.是固定用法。句意：如果面对并接受失败，失败有助于个人成长，并常常导致改善人际关系。因此，该题选择D项。7. 单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a cultu
11、re, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backwar
12、d group as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most l
13、anguages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language
14、needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by b
15、orrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in t
