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1、第一节增长碳链的方法HCH = O HCOOCH HC(OC:H3)5 CO CO： COClz CHX3 CHZX: HCN CH2N: DMF CO(NH:j: CH3Li (CHCuLl CHsMgX Ph3P = CH：L亲核试剂与甲醴反应1 RCH2MgX + CH2=O - RCH2CH2OMgX 旦也 RCH2CH3OH2 (RCH2)2CuLi + CH2=O - RCH2CH2OLi RCH2CH2OH3 RLi + CH = O - RCHOLi RCH.OH一， . 稀OH4 CHH = O + CH, = O HOCH.CH.CH=OCH=CHCH=O.-H,O 稀OH
2、RCH?CH=O + CH.=ORCCH = OIIrchch=oICU.OHCH. 2CH2=Q + CH2(COOC2H5)2bhllCOa(HOCII2)C(COOC2H5)2oIICHjCCH；CH：N(CHi)26CH2=O + HN(CH1)2 I CHCOCHjCH2 = O + HN(CHj)2/ CHINCH 由2,甲酰化反应.引入甲酰基HCN + HCI+CHOHCON(CH?)2POChCHO51CH3MgX + RCH = OOHCH3MgX 十 RRC=ORC CHR24f (CHj)2CuLi3.通过反应，引入甲基(CHCuLi + RCH=ORCH CH3RCOO
3、II 2CII3Li通过亲核加成，增加一个碳CH=CH + HCNCH2 = CHCN- CH2=CHCOOHOHOHRC=O+ HCNR CCNRC COOH5.H(R)H(R)H(R)RC&MgX + CO2RCH.COOMgXRCH.COOHRLi + C0HQRCOOLi .RCOOH(RCH 玦 CuLi + CO2RC=CNa + CO,NaC=CNa + 2CO2HOOCC=CCOOHRCH.COOLiRC=CCOONaHQHQ”NaOOCC =CCOONaRCH.COOHRC=CCOOHCH2 = CH2 + CO + H2OCH3CH2CH =0通过亲核取代，增加一个碳PhC
4、H2 X + KCN6,通过其他方法+ Ph?P =CH2CHI3足O*HOOCC=C QRCH2COOHPhCH2CN 挡 PhCH2COOHch2=n=n -RCuORC = CH?H(R)CH,= N= N AgO3 AiCOOH =三方一AgCOOHRMgXRC 出 CH3 +MgX2+ ch3ch2X RCH2CH3 +LiXR.CuLiL RCH2CH3 +RC=CNa + CHCH2 XRC = C H:CH5rch2ch2ohr RCH2CH.OMgXCH.OHRMgX、RLi &2R.CuLi j dbL RCH.CHOLi + RCuRCH.CHOHibRC=CNa +RC
5、=CCH)CHQNa一号RC = CCH,ClbOH+ (CH5CH2)2CuLi+ (CH)CH2)2CuLiOLi十II-ILOC1I3CII=CHCH=OMOH2CH,CH = O * CH3CHC!LCH=OOHotrhoPhCH=O + CH5CH=O PhCHCH2CH=O PhCH=CHCH=O6 PhCH=O (CHgCOXOCU.COOKPhCH=CHCOOHRC=O Ph3P = CHCHH(R)RC=CHCH3H(R)+(chyo)2OHRCHCH9HQOHRCuLiRCHCHOHRC=CCHCHj112CHjCOOC2H5RC CH.COOC.Hs .rW JCH3CH
6、/O OOH厂 RCHCHgC2H5ONaGHQH JRC=OI + BrZnCH3COOC2H5H(R)RLiHR12H(R)OH-HnO RC=CHCOOCHSRC CH2COOC2H5 |H(R)il _H(R)13 2CH3COOC2H5Na 顽C2H$ONa14PhCHO + CH3COOCH5PhCH=CHCOOC,H.CHC(XHCOOC:H.CH.ONa155COCH.COO5 77 VC.H16C2H3ONaCH,(COOC,H 小 C.IUBrc2h5ch(cooc2h5)2OH HQ 一HZO -O2(Y CN, COOH. CH3)34CH* CHH一CCCH.IIOH
7、 OHCH3CH2CH2X5FeChoII+ CHCH.CXoAlChOHOMgXRMgX厂 RCHCHjCHnCHjRCHCH.CH.CHjOLiRLirchch2ch2ch3OLiRCHCHKH2CH3OHR、CuLi*RCHCH2CH2CH3ONaRCHCH2CH2CH5OHI rc=cchch?ch37H(R)ClCHCHCHNaC HDCH=CHjCHDCH=CH22CH3CH3COOC2H5I RC=CCHCH2CH3JPh,P=CHCH=CH2 一*, coi2.氧化断键减少多个碳的方法KMnO4 RCH=CHR* RCOOH + RrOOH HCHRKMnO4I .“言 一 , O RCOO
