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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Many people think of deserts as（ ）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.问题1选项A.remoteB.virginC.alienD.barren【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项remote“遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的”；B选项virgin“纯洁的；未经利用的，处于原始状态的”；C选项alien“外国的；性质不同的；不相容的”；D选项barren“贫瘠的；不生育
2、的；无益的”。句意：尽管很多人认为沙漠是不生育的地区，但是许多动植物物种却已适应了那里的生活。由关键词“deserts沙漠”的对应知“不生育的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题One（ ）needed when making a cake is flour, another is sugar.问题1选项A.containerB.ingredientC.contentD.equivalent【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项container“集装箱；容器”；B选项ingredient“原料；要素；组成部分”；C选项content“内容，目录；满足；容量”；D选项equivalent“
3、等价物，相等物”。句意：制作蛋糕所需的一种原料是面粉，另一种原料是糖。根据句中“making a cake制作蛋糕”可知“原料”符合语境，因此B选项正确。3. 不定项选择题There is a question, however, that must be answered before this synthesis is attempted, namely, which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics? It is easy to be misled in this respect. Much
4、of our social behavior is automatic. Some may be instinctive, that is, organically determined. Much more is based on conditioned responses, that is, determined by situations so persistently and early impressed upon us that we are no longer aware of the character of the behavior and also ordinarily u
5、naware of the existence or possibility of a different behavior. Thus, a critical examination of what is generally valid for all humanity and what is specifically valid for different cultural types comes to be a matter of great concern to students of society. This is one of the problems that induce u
6、s to lay particular stress upon the study of culture that are historically as little as possible related to our own. Their study enables us to determine those tendencies that are common to all mankind and those belonging to specific human societies only.Another vista opens if we ask ourselves whethe
7、r the characteristics of human society are even more widely distributed and found also in the animal world. Relations of individuals or of groups of individuals may be looked at from three points of view: relations to the organic and inorganic outer world, relations among members of the same social
8、group, and what, for lack of a better term, may be designated as subjectively conditioned relations. I mean by this term those attitudes that arise gradually by giving values and meanings to activities, as good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, purposive or causally determined. Relations wi
9、th the organic and inorganic outer world are established primarily by the obtaining of sustenance, protection against rigor of the climate, and geographical limitations of varied kinds. The relations of members among the same social group include the relation of sexes, habits of forming social group
10、s and their forms. Obviously, these phases of human life are shared by animals. Their food requirements are biologically determined and adjusted to the geographical environment in which they live. Acquisition and storage of food are found among animals as well as in man. The need of protection again
11、st climate and enemies is also operative in animal society, and adjustment to these needs in the form of nests or dens is common. No less are the relations between members of social groups present in animal life, for animal societies of varied structure occur. It appears, therefore, that a considera
12、ble field of social phenomena does not by any means belong to man alone but is shared by the animal world, and the questions must be asked: what traits are common to human and animal societies?1. Which of the following statements is true? Our social behavior is （ ）.2. Why is social behavior difficul
13、t to change?3. In order to answer the question: “which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics?” we have to emphasize on the study of （ ）.4. The three points of view that indicate the relations of individuals are （ ）.5. Form the definitions of the three points of view, accor
14、ding to the passage, we can infer that （ ）.问题1选项A.more based on learned reactions than natural tendencyB.more inherently determined than early impressedC.more spontaneous than inbornD.more based on inherent than constitutional behavior问题2选项A.Ones behavior is inborn so that nothing can be done about
15、it.B.Ones behavior is instinctive so that he/she cant act differently.C.Ones behavior is taught from childhood so that it is fixed as normal in his/her childhood.D.If one never changes his/her geographical dwelling, his/her social behavior can never be changed.问题3选项A.human behaviorB.human organsC.cultureD.environment问题4选项A.relations characterized by natural development; relations that are culturally determined; socially accepted behavior among the groupB.relations to natural and unnatural world; relations among people; conditioned relationsC.relations to organic and inorganic outer world; re
