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1、常见光源结构、原理以及特性Common source structure, principle and characteristics在照明工程中常用的光源有白炽发光的白炽灯和卤钨灯，低压气体放电的各种荧光灯和高强气体放电的荧光高压汞灯，金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯等。In the lighting project commonly used light source have the incandescent light incandescent and halogen tungsten lamp, low-pressure gas discharge of all various kinds o
2、f fluorescent lamp and high pressure gas discharge fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp and.常用光源分类如下表：表1 常用光源分类表注：以上各类光源原则上都可以做成无极灯Note: the above types of light source in principle can be made to the electrodeless lamp1 白炽灯The 1 incandescent lamp凡是根据热
3、辐射原理工作的光源都可称为白炽灯。目前常用的白炽灯分两类，即普通白炽灯和卤钨灯。According to the principle of thermal radiation in work can be called the incandescent lamp light source. At present the common incandescent lamp is divided into two categories, namely, ordinary incandescent and halogen tungsten lamp.白炽灯靠电能将灯丝加热到白炽而发光。在灯丝发光的同时
4、还产生大量的红外辐射和小量的紫外辐射，它们最终以热能的形式而损失掉。显然，要想提高白炽灯的光效，应选用高熔点材料做灯丝，并使之在尽可能高的温度下工作。Incandescent lamp by electricity filament heated to incandescence light. In the filament light also produces a large amount of infrared radiation and the amount of UV radiation, they eventually in the form of heat losses. Obv
5、iously, if we want to improve the incandescent lamp light effect, selection of high melting point materials do filament, and the possible high temperature operation.1.1 白炽灯的结构1.1incandescent lamp structure普通白炽灯泡由钨丝、玻璃泡、灯头、支架、引线等几部分组成，内充氩、氮、或氩氮混合气体，通常的工作压力约为1.013x105Pa，而氩氮的比例由额定电压和灯丝温度而定，通常白炽灯使用氩气在86
6、%98%之间。Ordinary incandescent bulb composed of a tungsten filament, glass bulb, lamp, bracket, lead etc., in argon, nitrogen or argon, nitrogen mixed gas, usually working pressure of about 1.013x105Pa, and argon nitrogen proportion by the rated voltage and the temperature dependent, usually the use o
7、f incandescent lamps in 86% 98% between argon.灯丝是白炽灯发光的主要部件，常用的灯丝形状有直线灯丝、单螺灯丝、双螺旋灯丝等。灯丝的形状和尺寸大小对于白炽灯的寿命、发光效率都有直接的影响，同样长短粗细的钨丝绕成单螺旋型的光效高。灯丝结构紧凑，发光点小，利用率就高。The filament is incandescent bulbs of the main components, common filament shape straight filament, filament single screw, double helix filament.
8、The shape and size of the filament for incandescent lamp life, luminous efficiency has a direct impact on the same length, thickness of single filament wound into a spiral of high light efficiency. The filament has the advantages of compact structure, light small, utilization rate is high.白炽灯类型：白炽灯泡
9、有普泡、蘑菇泡、圆球泡、烛形泡、反射泡、节日泡和花生米灯泡等系列产品。Incandescent type: incandescent light bulbs with Cape bubble, bubble, bubble, the ball mushroom candle-shaped foam, foam reflection, bubble and peanuts holiday bulbs and other products.1.2 白炽灯的色温、显色指数The 1.2 incandescent lamp s color temperature, color rendering in
10、dex白炽灯的光效较低（约为1217lm/W），色温较低一般为24002900K，但显色性较高，显色指数Ra高达99100。到目前为止，它是应用最广泛的一种光源。Incandescent lamp light effect is low ( about 12 17lm / W ), color temperature low is 2400 2900K, but the color of high color rendering index, Ra high amounts to 99 100. So far, it is the most widely used light source.2
11、 卤钨灯卤钨灯属于热辐射光源，工作原理基本上与普通白炽灯一样，在结构上有较大的的差别。最突出的差别就是卤钨灯泡内所填充的气体含有部分卤族元素或卤化物。Halogen tungsten lamp which belongs to the heat radiation source, principle of work basically and ordinary incandescent lamp, the structure has bigger difference. The most prominent is the difference between a tungsten haloge
12、n bulb filled in a gas containing halogen and halide part.卤钨灯的光效较高（约为1821lm/W），色温较低一般为27003300K，显色性较高，显色指数Ra高达99100。Tungsten halogen lamps have the higher light efficiency ( about 18 21lm / W ), color temperature low is 2700 3300K, color and high color rendering index, Ra high amounts to 99 100.2.1
13、卤钨灯的结构2.1halogen tungsten lamp structure卤钨灯是由钨丝、充入卤素的玻璃泡和灯头等构成。卤钨灯有双端、单端和双泡壳之分；Tungsten halogen lamp is composed of a tungsten filament, filled with halogen glass bulb and lamp holder. Halogen tungsten lamp with two end, single side and double blister division;双端管状卤钨灯结构：灯呈现管状，功率为1002000W，灯管的直径为810mm
14、，长80330mm。两端采用磁接头，需要时在磁管内还装有保险丝。这种灯主要用于室内外泛光照明；Two ends of the tubular halogen tungsten lamp structure: the lamp presents tubular, power of 100 2000W, tube diameter is 8 10mm,80 330mm. Two ends of magnetic couplings, required in a magnetic tube is also provided with a fuse. The lamp is mainly used f
15、or indoor and outdoor floodlights;为了使管壁处生成的卤化物处于气态，管壁温度要比普通白炽灯高得多，相应地卤钨灯的玻壳尺寸就要小得多，温度也就高得多，因而必须使用耐高温的石英玻璃或高硅氧玻璃。In order to make the pipe wall is generated halide in the gaseous state, tube wall temperature is much higher than ordinary incandescent lamp, tungsten halogen lamp shell corresponding siz
16、e is much smaller, the temperature is much higher, so we must use high temperature resistant quartz glass or borosilicate glass.2.2 卤钨灯的分类2.2halogen tungsten lamp classification（1）卤钨灯按充入灯泡内的不同卤素可为碘钨灯和溴钨灯；(1) halogen tungsten lamp bulb by filling different for iodine-tungsten lamp and halogen tungsten lamp;（2）卤钨灯按灯泡外壳材料的不同可分为硬质玻璃卤钨灯、石英玻璃卤钨灯；(2) halogen tungsten lamp bulb s
