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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 填空题When I was young I always（1） to become a scientist, but at the age of 18 I（2） my parents advice and decided to study law instead. Nowadays I think this was a mistake. When I look back on my life, I （3）my decision.（4） , these is nothing that I can do about it n
2、ow.【答案】1.wanted2.took3.regret4.unfortunately【解析】1.语义题。句意: 在我年轻时，我经常想成为科学家。2.固定搭配。Take someones advice 听从某人建议3.语义题。空格前 “mistake 错误”一词可推测此处句意为: 当我回顾我的人生时，我后悔我的决定。4.语义题。句意: 遗憾的是现在我不能为我的决定做任何事情。2. 单选题The Earths atmosphere recorded the huge decline in the population of the Western Hemisphere in the 150 y
3、ears following the arrival of Columbus from Spain in 1492. Soldiers, officials, settlers and merchants from Eurasia and slaves from Africa unwittingly introduced common diseases such as smallpox (天花)，measles (麻疹)and influenza to which the inhabitants of the Americas possessed no immunity. Scholarly
4、estimates of the total number of deaths from disease vary widely, but the number may have exceeded 50 million and certainly wiped out 75% or more of native Americans. This rapid depopulation of the hemisphere allowed forests to grow in former farmlands. By 1610 the growth of all those trees had suck
5、ed enough carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the sky to cause a drop of at least seven parts per million in atmospheric concentrations of the most prominent greenhouse gas and start a little ice age.Based on that dramatic shift, Simon Lewis and Mark Maslin, British ecologists working at University College
6、London, believe 1610 should be considered the starting date of a new geologic epoch currently under discussion among earth scientists: the Anthropocene, or recent age of humanity. Lewis and Maslin dub the decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide the Orbis Spike from the Latin for world, because since
7、1492 human civilization has progressively globalized. In a paper published this month in Nature, they argue that human impacts on the planet have been dramatic enough to warrant formal recognition of the Anthropocene epoch and that the Orbis Spike should serve as the marker of its opening.The Anthro
8、pocene is not a new idea. As far back as the 18th century the first scientific attempt to lay out a chronology of Earths geologic history ended with a human epoch. By the 19th century the idea was commonplace, appearing as the Anthropozoic (human life rocks) or the *Era of Man in geology textbooks.
9、But by the middle of the 20th century, the idea of the Holocene (the term means entirely recent in Greek designates the most recent period, dating from 11,700 years ago, when the glaciers (冰河)of the last ice age receded) had come to dominate, recognizing humans as an important element of the current
10、 epoch, but not the defining one.That idea is no longer adequate, according to scientists ranging from geologists to climatologists. Human impacts have simply grown too large: some scientists point to the flood of nitrogen (N) released into the world by the invention of the Haber-Bosch processfor wr
11、esting the vital nutrient from the air to support agriculture, others emphasize the fact that modem people now move more earth and stone than all the worlds rivers put together.Researchers have advanced an array of proposals for when this putative new epoch might have begun. Some link it to the star
12、t of the mass extinction of large mammals （卩甫孚L 动物）such as woolly mammoths and giant kangaroos some 50,000 years ago or the advent of agriculture around 10,000 years ago. Others say the Anthropocene is much more recent and to the beginning of the uptick in atmospheric CO2 concentrations after the in
13、vention of an effective coal-burning steam engine.The most prominent current proposal connects the dawn of the Anthropocene to that of the nuclear age: long-lobed radionuclide （放射性同位素）leave a long-lived record in the rock. The boom in human population and consumption of everything from copper to mai
14、ze （玉米）after 1950 or so, known as the Great Acceleration, roughly coincides with this nuclear marker. So does the advent of plastics and other remnants of industrial society, dubbed ”technofossils by Jan Zalasiewicz of the University of Leicester, the geologist who heads the group that is pushing fo
15、r addition of the Anthropocene to the standard geologic time scale. The radionuclides can then serve as what geologists call a Global Stratotype Section and Point, more commonly known as a “golden spike.” Perhaps the most famous such golden spike is the thin layer of iridium（Ir） a found in pock expo
16、sed near El Kef, Tunisia; it pinpoints the asteroid impact that terminated the age of the dinosaurs and ended the Cretaceous about 65 million years ago.Lewis and Maslin reject this radionuclide spike because it is not tied to a *world- changing event-at least not yetalthough it is a clear signal in the rock. On the other hand, their Orbis Spike in 1610 reflects both the most recent CO2 low point and the redistribu
