《常用医学英语词根一》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《常用医学英语词根一（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、常用医学英语词根词缀1 人体主要器官前缀 名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例 心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium / carditis / cardiology 脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology 肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology 肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology 胃 sto
2、mach gastro- gastric gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis / enterectomy / enterology 脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis / splenectomy / splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic p
3、ancreatitis / pancreatectomy 肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology2 与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀 名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例 血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 a
4、rtery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital 体 body somat
5、o-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3 与数字有关的前缀数字 前缀 示例 一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/p
6、entachloride 六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八 octa- octahedral/octal system 九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon 十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter 注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadec
7、anoic acid（十八烷酸）4 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀 颜色 通用名 前缀 示例 色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝 blue
8、 cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 绿 green 棕 brown brown mixture / brown ring 橙 orange Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson 青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes 注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1) 含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例 病 patho- path
9、ogen/pathology/pathogenesis /-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无 a-/an- atypical anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微 -let dro
10、plet/platelet/leaflet micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨 macro- macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2) 含义 前（后）缀 示例 相反 dis- disease/disorder/disab
11、ility 困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 炎症 -itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma 血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer 麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 坏死 -necrosis/necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7 与方位有关的前缀 含义 通用词 前缀 示例 上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下 lower/inferior infra-/sub-
