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1、UNIT 1 A land of diversityWarming Up Reading自主预习.词汇知识根据提示写出相应的单词1._(n.)百分比，百分率2._(adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的_(n.)差别；区分；卓著3._(n.)大多数；大半_(反义词)少数4._(n.)意大利_(n.adj.)意大利人（的）；意大利语（的）5._(n.)飞行器；航空器；飞机_(复数形式)6._(adj.)人种的；种族的_(n.)人种；种族7._(vt.)选择；选举某人_(n.).重点短语1.live _ 继续存在；继续生存2.by means _ 用办法；借助3.declare war _ 向宣战4.m
2、ake a _ 习惯与新的生活方式、工作等5._ the late 19th century 在十九世纪晚期6.keep _ 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）.语篇导读（根据课文内容填空，每空一词）CaliforniaThe brief introductionThe 2 largest state in the USAIt has the largest 3 in the USAIts _1_lies in its history The most 4 state in the USANative Americans were living there at least 15,000 yea
3、rs ago.Today,Chinese-Americans live in all 8 of California.In the 18th century,it was 5 by Spain.In more recent decades,California has become home to more people from 9 California.In the early 1800s,Russian hunters began _6_there. 10 by the climate and the lifestyle,people from different parts of th
4、e world still immigrate to California.The dream of becoming rich attracted people from all over the world after the 7 was discovered in 1848.要点探究.词汇知识1. live on 继续生存；继续存在 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯及语言在他们的新家得以延续。 Michal Jackson is dead but his musi
5、c _.迈克尔杰克逊人已作古，但他的音乐作品却万古流传。根据语境思考句中划线短语的含义，并填在后面的括号中。They live on fish and rice.（ ）He lived through both world wars.( )He tried to live by writing, but it did not provide good enough income.( )We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us.( )2. by means of 借助，依靠（其中means单复数同形，意为“方式，
6、方法，手段”）Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait en the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。【拓展】by all mea
7、ns 当然可以；一定；务必by no means （=not at all) 绝不；一点都不（放句首时，句子要部分都装）by this means 通过这种方式by any means 无论如何-Can I see it? 我可以看看吗？-_.当然可以。She is _poor, in fact, shes quite rich.她可不穷，其实她很富有。Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.只有用这种方法才能劝得动他。3. majority 大部分；大多数（反义词为minority)Of the first Spanish to g
8、o to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多数人赞成这个建议。The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。【归纳】（1） the
9、 majority 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。（2） the majority 作主语时，若后跟可数名词复数，表示“中的大部分”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。【拓展】（1） carry/gain the majority 赢得多数票 in the majority 占多数；拥有多数 The majority of 大多数；中的大部分（2） major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；专业课 vi. 主修（常构成major in“主修”） Among the members of the committee those who favor the changes are
10、 _.委员中赞成变革的占多数。She _ in maths and physics at university.她在大学期间主修数学和物理。4. make a live 习惯于新的生活方式、工作；谋生Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardships.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。Some people from the country fine it hard to _in big
11、 cities.一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。【拓展】make a living 谋生earn ones living 谋生lead/live a life 过着的生活come to life 变得活跃起来come（back) to life 苏醒过来；复苏bring sb./sth/ to life 使生动 The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。 It was not long before he_.不久他就苏醒过来了。5. elect v. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人By the time
12、 California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, i was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第三十一个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。She elected _a lawyer.她决定当律师。We elected a new monitor.我们选出一位新班长。We elected James （to be/as) chairman.James _（to be/as) chairman.我们选出詹姆斯当主席
13、。 【归纳】elect +to do 选择或决定elect sb. （to be/as)+n. 推选某人为6. percentage n.百分比；百分率Today, Chinese -Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns”of Los Angeles and San Francisco.今天，加利福尼亚州的所有地区都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。Only a small percentage of the patients _children.病人中只有一小部分是儿童。A large percentage of the population _in big cities.有很大比例的人口住在大城市。注意：a percentage of 后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的数要与所接名词的单复数相一致。【辨析】percent/percentage（1） percent“百分之
