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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Visit a museum these days and youll see people using their smartphones and cameras to take pictures of works of art, archeological finds, historical artifacts, and any other object that strikes their fancy. While taking a picture might seem like a good way to pr
2、eserve the moment, new research suggests that museum-goers may want to put their cameras down. In a new study, psychological scientist Linda Henkel of Fairfield University presents data showing that participants had worse memory for objects, and for specific object details, when they took photos of
3、them.“People so often whip out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point that they are missing what is happening right in front of them,” says Henkel. She calls this the “photo-taking impairment effect”.【答案】如今参观博物馆，你会看到人们用智能手机和相机拍摄艺术作品、考古发现、历史文物和任何其他吸引他们眼球的物品。虽然拍照似乎是保存这一瞬间的好方
4、法，但新的研究表明，参观博物馆的人可能会想放下相机。在一项新的研究中，费尔菲尔德大学（Fairfield University）的心理学家琳达汉克尔（Linda Henkel）提供的数据显示，参与者在拍照时对物体和特定物体细节的记忆力较差。汉克尔说：“人们经常无意识地拿出相机来捕捉某个瞬间，以至于他们忽略了眼前正在发生的事情。”她称之为“拍照障碍效应”。2. 单选题Without clear guidelines（ ）, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.i
5、n needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项in order“有序的，整齐的”；B选项in place“合适的，在合适的位置，执行的，设立的”；C选项in need“需要的，需要帮忙的”；D选项in trouble“有麻烦”。句意：在没有（ ）明确的指导方针的情况下，医院的管理人员有时不知所措。A、C和D选项明显不符合题意，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Libraries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into（ ）.问题1选项A.dissolutionB.d
6、ecayC.declineD.depression【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dissolution “分解，溶解”；B选项decay “衰退，衰减；衰败；腐烂，腐朽”；C选项decline “下降；衰退；斜面”；D选项depression“沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区”。题干大意说，图书馆是将来的一种投资，不允许（图书馆）掉入（ ）。常识储备：当今社会我们并没有注意图书馆的价值，现在的图书馆是冷冷清清，一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其实体现一个国家、民族的真正素质就是看图书馆是否冷冷清清。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Once upon a time, people belie
7、ved staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practice the reverse of home economicsspend more than you earned. Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight, you need a
8、 hormone called lepton to work properly. It sends “Im full” messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Fat people produce plenty of lepton, but the brain doesnt seem to respond to it properly. Last
9、year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit（线路）were underactive. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.Theres a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around
10、 which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is working against you. So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new method, based on the latest research, that work with your body
11、 rather than against it.Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for
12、humans, according to Dr. James Johnson.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also cause hormonal changes. Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.Older dieters may remember something call
13、ed brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff; this was a dieters dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warmat least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldnt find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England journal
14、 of Medicine, its back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.1.The last sentence in paragraph 1 indicates that peoples understanding of losing weight（ ）.2.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,（ ）.3.Th
15、e method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as “（ ）”.4.The word “grinding” in the paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.It can be learned that brown fat（ ）.问题1选项A.is unnecessarily complicatedB.seems rather unreasonableC.used to be limitedD.can be partly justified问题2选项A.Overweight people got less pleasure from eating the same amountB.Overweight people enjoyed eating more than the others doC.People will become overweight if they eat more than they needD.People are more likely to be overweight if they produce less lepton问题3选项A.No diet at allB.Diet on a daily basi
