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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were（ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.distractedB.displacedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distract“转移；分心”；B选项displace“取代；置换；转移”；C选项disperse“分散；传播”；D选项discard“抛弃；丢弃”。句意：尽管我们努力集中精力听演讲，但还是被隔壁房间
2、的噪音了。句中存在转折关系词，表明前后方向改变，前半句说“集中精力”，后半句则是噪音让我们“无法集中精力”。综合分析选项可知A选项正确。2. 翻译题If we mean by capitalism a method of organizing the economy which rests on the profit motive and the free play of market forces, then we can be quite sure that it will be around for the 21st century. The motivation to compete,
3、 to own and acquire wealth is a fundamental fact of human existence, just like the need to eat or sleep. Its not going to be eradicated.Once you accept that competition via markets and prices is the main driving force of economic life, the second lesson is that while this is necessary it is not a su
4、fficient mechanism for ordering society. Pure free capitalism had a brief, if powerful, heyday from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, but it is now clear that phase is over. If the denial of capitalism has utterly failed, so has the belief that markets alone are sufficient controlthough it has not
5、failed quite so spectacularly.I dont expect to see another economic crisis of the scale of that in the 1970s for at least another fifteen years. When it does eventually come, it will probably be from some totally unexpected direction. Unemployment will continue to decline, and when people no longer
6、fear the loss of their jobs, so a degree of complacency creeps in and their values change.It may well be exactly that process which, ironically, causes the next economic crisisbut its a long way yet.【答案】如果我们说的资本主义制度是指一种依靠利润动机和市场力量自由发挥的经济组织方法，那我们就可以确信它将在21世纪继续存在。就像人类生存的基本事实是需要去竞争、拥有和获取财富的动力一样，它不会被消除。
7、一旦你接受市场和价格的竞争是经济生活的主要驱动力这一观点，那么第二个经验教训就是，尽管这种竞争是必须的，但这种机制还不足以帮助建立有序社会。从20世纪70年代末到 90年代初，完全自由的资本主义有一个短暂、强大的鼎盛时期，但是现在已经很清楚，那个 阶段结束了。如果对资本主义制度的否定已经完全失败，那种市场足以自我调控的想法也已经失败虽然它的失败没有那么引人注目。至少在下一个15年，我不希望看到另一场像20世纪70年代那样规模的经济危机。如果它最终真的来临，很可能会来自某个完全意想不到的方向。失业率将继续下降；而当人们不再 担心失去工作时，一定程度的自满就会悄然而至，随后他们的价值观也会改变。具
8、有讽刺意味的是，很可能正是这一过程导致下一场经济危机但这个过程还会持续很长时间。3. 单选题Human language is the subject of endless scientific investigation, but the gestures that accompany speech are a surprisingly neglected area. It is sometimes jokingly said that the way to render an Italian speechless is to tie his wrists together, but alm
9、ost everyone moves their hands in meaningful ways when they talk. Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago, however, studies gestures carefully-and not out of idle curiosity. Introspection suggests that gesturing not only helps people communicate but also helps them to think. She set out to
10、test this, and specifically to find out whether gestures might be used as an aid to childrens learning. It turns out, as she told the AAAS, that they can.The experiment she conducted involved balancing equations. Presented with an equation of 2+3+4=x+4 written on a blackboard, a child is asked to ca
11、lculate the value of x. In the equations Dr. Goldin-Meadow always made the last number on the left the same as the last on the right; so x was the sum of the first two numbers. Commonly, however, children who are learning arithmetic will add all three of the numbers on the left to arrive at the valu
12、e of x.In her previous work Dr. Goldin-Meadow had noted that children often use spontaneous gestures when explaining how they solve mathematical puzzles, so to see if these hand-movements actually help a child to think, or are merely descriptive, she divided a group of children into two and asked th
13、em to balance equations. One group was asked to gesture while doing so. A second was asked not to. Both groups were then given a lesson in how to solve problems of this sort.As Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected, the first group learnt more from the lesson than the second. By observing their gestures she r
14、efined the experiment. Often, a child would touch or point to the first two numbers on the left with the first two fingers of one hand. Dr Goldin-Meadow therefore taught this gesture explicitly to another group of children or, rather, she taught a third of them, taught another third to point to the
15、second and third numbers this way and told the remainder to use no gestures. When all were given the same lesson it was found those gesturing “correctly” learnt the most. But those gesturing “incorrectly still outperformed the non-gesturers.Gesturing, therefore, clearly does help thought. Indeed, it
16、 is so thought-provoking that even the wrong gestures have some value.1.Why does Susan Goldin-Meadow carry out such a study?2.What can we infer from the first paragraph?3.According to Susans study, children who lean the least may be（ ）.4.The last sentence of this text probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.To test gesturing only helps people communicate.B.To test gesturing o
