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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The puzzle of left-handedness seems to be a modest growth area in current research. One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms, although
2、it is not clear whether the overproduction of hormone causes the defense defect, or is simply one symptom of a general imbalance. Could this explain why 13 per cent of male children, but only 10 per cent of females, are left-handed?Today, very roughly 10 per cent of the population is left-handed. Th
3、e odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory. From written records, and even painting, researchers can get a guide to the incidence of left-handedness among our recent ancestorsLooking further back, some experts claim
4、to be able to tell from the shaping of flint(打火石) tools whether our Stone Age forebears were left-or right-handed while the habit of cave painters of leaving hand prints (as “signatures”)on walls at least tells us which hand an individual used for marking walls. The evidence suggests that 10 per cen
5、t of the population was left-handed.This is a common evolutionary pattern where there are variations that each provides some advantage for the individual that carries them, but not an overwhelming advantage, so that all the variations exist somewhere in the population.A balance is struck in which th
6、e proportions of the population in which each version is expressed stay roughly the same form generation to generation - as in the case of blood groups, for example. There must be some advantage, in Darwinian terms, in being a left-hander among a population of predominantly right-handed people. But
7、this is very different from the pattern seen in most animals.Our near relatives, the chimpanzees, also show individual preference for one hand or the other, but half the chimp population is left-handed. Even rats show the same split - 50 per cent left-pawed and 50 per cent right-pawed. Man may not q
8、uite be unique among mammals; there have been claims that polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions. But by comparison with our cousin apes, it looks as if research into left-handednes
9、s in people may be asking the wrong question.The real puzzle is not why 10 per cent of people are left-handed, but why 90 per cent are right-handed. What has happened to the human species, in evolutionary terms, to tilt the balance away from left-handers in favor of right-handers? Why is man the rig
10、ht-handed ape? Nobody has a satisfactory answer. But it is one of the curiosities of scientific research that studies of something seemingly so mundane as left-handedness in people could actually shed new light on human evolution.1.The article suggests that left-handedness might be due to（ ）2.It app
11、ears from the article that （ ）3.What do we learn about polar bears?4.What advantage is shown in being a left-hander?5.From the passage, we can guess the word “mundane” in the last paragraph means（ ）.问题1选项A.a shortage of male hormoneB.very weak defense mechanismsC.an excess of male hormoneD.there bei
12、ng more male than female children问题2选项A.there were more left-handed people in ancient timesB.the percentage of left-handers hasnt changedC.there were fewer left-handed people in ancient timeD.the number of left-handers hasnt really changed问题3选项A.It is impossible to do laboratory experiments with the
13、m.B.There are more right-handed than left-handed ones.C.They are probably not all left-handed.D.There are more left-handed than right-handed ones.问题4选项A.No clear advantage is shown.B.You always belong to, the same blood group.C.You belong to an important minority.D.You are free to make a choice.问题5选
14、项A.strangeB.ordinaryC.confusingD.interesting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段“One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms.”可知，最新一项研究表明左撇子可能与雄激素产生过剩以及人体自动防御机制缺陷有关，故A选项错误
15、，C选项正确。原文指的是自动防御机制缺陷而非薄弱，故B项错误。D项内容与题目无关。因此，本题选择C选项最符合题意。2.推理判断题。本题询问古今左撇子人数变化趋势。根据原文第二段第二句“The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory”可知，虽然随着人类发展，人口数目发生了变化，但是左撇子所占的比例几乎维持不变。因此，本题正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。题干询问北极熊的相关情况。根据原文倒数
16、第二段“polar bears are more likely to be left-handed than right, although understandably few experiments have been done with polar bears under laboratory conditions”可知，虽然难以在实验室中对北极熊做实验，但是左撇子的北极熊更多，故B项错误，D选项正确。原文只是说针对北极熊进行的实验室实验比较少，但并不是说不可能，故A项与原文不符。在提及北极熊前，原文提到哺乳动物不止人类有左撇子和右撇子之分，则说明北极熊肯定也会有这样的区别，故C选项“它们可能不都是左撇子”错误。因此，本题
