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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Though English was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was tom by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men
2、were still far from recognizing that two religions could exist side by side in the same society; they believed that the toleration of another religion different from their own, and hence necessarily false, must inevitably destroy such a society and bring the souls of all its members into danger of h
3、ell. So the struggle went on with increasing fury within each nation to impose a single creed upon every subject, and within the general society of Christendom to impose it upon every nation. In England the Reformers, or Protestants, aided by the power of the Crown, had at this stage triumphed, but
4、over Europe as a whole Rome was beginning to recover some of the ground it had lost after Martin Luthers revolt in the earlier part of the century. It did this in two ways, by the activities of its missionaries, as in parts of Germany, or by the military might of the Catholic Powers, as in the Low C
5、ountries, where the Dutch provinces were sometimes near their last extremity under the pressure of Spanish arms. Against England, the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer, military might was not yet possible because the Catholic Powers were too occupied and divided: and so, in t
6、he 1570s Rome bent her efforts, as she had done a thousand years before in the days of Saint Augustine, to win England back by means of her missionaries.These were young Englishmen who had either never given up the old faith, or having done so, had returned to it and felt called to become priests. T
7、here being, of course, no Catholic seminaries left in England, they went abroad, at first quite easily, later with difficulty and danger, to study in the English colleges at Douai or Rome: the former established for the training of ordinary or secular clergy, the other for the member the Society of
8、Jesus, commonly known as Jesuits, a new Order established by St. Ignatius Loyola some thirty years before. The seculars came first; they achieved a success, which even the most eager could hardly have expected. Cool-minded and well-informed men, like Cecil, had long surmised that the conversion of t
9、he English people to Protestantism was far from complete; many-Cecil thought even the majority-had conformed out of fear, self-interest or-possibly the commonest reason of all -sheer bewilderment at the rapid changes in doctrine and forms of worship imposed on them in so short a time. Thus it happen
10、ed that the missionaries found a welcome, not only with the families who had secretly offered them hospitality if they came, but with many others whom their first hosts invited to meet them or passed them on to. They would and at the ports in disguise, as merchants, courtiers or what not, professing
11、 some plausible business in the country, and make by devious ways for their first house of refuge. There they would administer the Sacraments and preach to the households and to such of the neighbors as their hosts trusted and presently go on to some other locality to which they were directed for fr
12、om which they received a call.1.The main idea of this passage is （ ）.2.The religious strife mentioned in the passage is between（ ） .3.What was Martin Luthers religion?4.Through what way did the Rome recover some of the lost land?5.What did the second paragraph mainly describe?问题1选项A.the continuity o
13、f the religious struggle in Britain in new waysB.the conversion of religion in BritainC.the victory of the new religion in BritainD.England became prosperous问题2选项A.Reformers and ProtestantsB.Catholic pours and JesuitsC.Catholic powers and protestantsD.Martin Luther and St. Augustine问题3选项A.BuddhismB.
14、ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.Orthodox问题4选项A.Civil and military waysB.Propaganda and aback,C.Persuasion and criticismD.Religious and military ways问题5选项A.The activities of missionaries in Britain.B.The conversion of English people to Protestantism was far from complete.C.The young in Britain began to c
15、onvert to Catholicism.D.Most families offered hospitality to missionaries.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.这篇文章的中心思想是“英国宗教斗争以新的方式继续进行， 所以A选项正确。B选项英国宗教的转变、C选项新教在英国的胜利和D选项英国变得繁荣都是文章谈到具体事情，不是主题思想。2.根据文章第一段：In England the Reformers, or Protestants, aided by the power of the Crown, had at this stage tr
16、iumphed, but over Europe as a whole Rome was beginning to recover some of the ground it had lost after Martin Luthers revolt in the earlier part of the century在英国，改革者，或新教徒，在国王权力的帮助下，在这个阶段取得了胜利，但是在整个欧洲，罗马开始收复在本世纪早期马丁路德起义后失去的部分失地。和It did this in two ways, by the activities of its missionaries, as in parts of Germany, or by the milita
