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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Actress Amanda Bynes was convicted of（ ）driving in April 2012 when she crashed into an L.A. County sheriffs deputys cruiser.问题1选项A.legitimateB.juvenileC.recklessD.redundant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的，正当的”；B选项juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的，不顾
2、后果的”；D选项redundant表示“多余的，过剩的，失业的”。be convicted of表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知这位女演员因为驾驶不当而被判有罪，因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year（ ）than automobile accidents.问题1选项A.seven more timesB.over seven timesC.seven times moreD.seven times【答案】C【解析】考查倍数的表
3、达。由句意可知，吸烟对个人健康的危害如此之大，每年导致的死亡人数是汽车事故的7倍。而倍数的常用表达形式为：A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B，由此可知，本题正确答案为C选项。3. 单选题We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are
4、formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron
5、 volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have “conditional elementarity” because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exch
6、anges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Ear
7、th, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: the
8、y do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have
9、no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-ear
10、thly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks,
11、and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force（the strong force）that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at
12、 subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.1. The primary topic of the passage is（ ）.2. According to the passage, radioactivity that occurs naturally on Earth is the result of（ ）.3. According to the
13、 passage, which of the following can be found in the atomic realm?4. According to the author, gluons are not（ ）.5. The passage speaks of particles as having conditional elementarity if they（ ）.问题1选项A.the interaction of the realms on the quantum ladderB.atomic structures found on Earth, on other plan
14、ets, and on the surfaces of starsC.levels of energy that are released in nuclear reactions on Earth and in starsD.particles and processes found in the atomic, nuclear, and subnuclear realms问题2选项A.the production of particles that have no detectable mass or electric chargeB.high energy exchanges on th
15、e nuclear level that occurred in an ancient explosion in a starC.processes that occur in the center of the Sun, which emits radiation to the EarthD.high-voltage discharges of electricity that took place in the atmosphere of the Earth shortly after the Earth was formed问题3选项A.More than one level of energy exchangeB.Exactly one elementary particleC.Exactly three kinds of atomic structuresD.No particles smaller than atoms问题4选项A.found to be conditionally elementaryB.produced in nuclear reactionsC.encountered in subnuclear energy exchangesD.related to the strong force问题5选项A.remai
