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1、基于微米气泡的再生水高效臭氧消毒研究(申请清华大学工学博士学位论文)培养单位：环境学院学科：环境科学与工程研究生：张 逢指导教师：胡 洪 营教 授二一三年十二月The efficience of ozone disinfection of reclaimed water based on micro-bubbles Dissertation Submitted toTsinghua Universityin partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Engineering byZhang Feng( E
2、nvironmental Science and Engineering )Dissertation Supervisor:Professor HU Hong-YingDecember, 2013关于学位论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解清华大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：清华大学拥有在著作权法规定范围内学位论文的使用权，其中包括：（1）已获学位的研究生必须按学校规定提交学位论文，学校可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存研究生上交的学位论文；（2）为教学和科研目的，学校可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在图书馆、资料室等场所供校内师生阅读，或在校园网上供校内师生浏览部分内容；（3）根据中华人民共和
3、国学位条例暂行实施办法，向国家图书馆报送可以公开的学位论文。本人保证遵守上述规定。（保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定）作者签名： 导师签名： 日 期： 日 期： 摘 要摘 要随着世界人口总量的增加，现代化工农业化发展的不断增速，水资源的需求量与日俱增。再生水利用是缓解水危机的重要措施。病原微生物是再生水回用过程中威胁人类健康的主要风险因素。目前再生水的常规消毒技术主要包括氯、臭氧等化学消毒方法，以及紫外线、膜过滤等物理手段。臭氧消毒技术可广谱的灭活细菌繁、芽孢、病毒以及原生动物等病原微生物。然而臭氧在水中溶解度低，传质效率低，造成其应用成本高的难题。采用微米气泡臭氧形式可提高臭氧传质效率。但该系统
4、应用于消毒的研究较为缺乏，微米气泡系统对臭氧消毒过程的强化机理有待验证，再生水水质对微米气泡消毒的影响尚不清楚。本研究以实现再生水的高效臭氧消毒为目标，构建基于微米气泡的臭氧消毒系统，通过建立技术评价指标，掌握优化条件，系统分析臭氧传质过程的强化机理，阐明强化过程对病原微生物灭活规律的影响特性和优化潜能；以实际再生水为对象，研究该技术的消毒特性及相关影响因素，为此类工艺应用于实际再生水消毒提供理论指导和技术支持。本研究主要集中于臭氧微米气泡系统构建及评价方法，臭氧微米气泡产生及传质影响因素，微米气泡臭氧对微生物灭活特性及强化机理和再生水微米气泡臭氧消毒模型研究四项内容。建立了微米气泡系统性能评
5、价指标和测定方法；阐明了操作条件对微米气泡直径、比相界面面积和传质系数的定量影响，首次发现提高臭氧浓度可显著降低气泡直径。发现微米气泡臭氧系统对微生物灭活具有显著的强化效果，并阐明了传质效率提升、臭氧饱和浓度提高和羟基自由基的产生是主要强化机理。发现臭氧传输量(TOD)能够成功解决臭氧暴露剂量CT值不能反映再生水消毒效果的问题，并发现瞬时臭氧需求量(IOD)能很好地表征再生水水质对臭氧消毒效果的综合影响，在此基础上建立了再生水（微米气泡）臭氧消毒模型。关键词：臭氧；微米气泡；再生水；细菌灭活IIIAbstractAbstractWith the increase of the worlds p
6、opulation and the continuous growth of industrial and agricultural development, the need of water is increasing. Reclaimed water is an important measure to ease the water crisis . Pathogenic microorganisms is a major risk factor of reclaimed water as the threat to human health reuse. Currently recla
7、imed water disinfection techniques include chlorine , ozone, other chemical disinfection methods, ultraviolet and membrane filtration. Ozone disinfection technology has a broad spectrum of bacterial complex, spores, viruses and protozoa and other pathogenic microorganisms. However, ozone solubility
8、in water is very low,which lower the transfer ozone dosage, resulting in high cost of their application problems. The use of micron bubbles form of ozone could improve the ozone transfer efficiency. But the study of the micron bubbles system used in disinfection was not enough. The strengthening mec
9、hanism of micron bubble system of ozone needs to be verified. How reclaimed water quality impacts on the micron sterile bubble is unclear.The study is aiming to improving the efficience of ozone disinfection to reclaimed water and constructing micron bubbles-ozone disinfection system. By establishin
10、g of technical evaluation system, mastering optimum conditions, analysising the strengthen mechanism of mass transfer processes of the ozone system, the characteristics and potential of micron bubbles of ozone to strengthen the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms could be clarified. The actual
11、 reclaimed water was used as an object, disinfecting properties and related factors research of this technology were studied to support the actual reclaimed water disinfection process.This study is focus on the construction and evaluation methods of ozone -micron bubble system, ozone -micron bubbles
12、 and mass transfer factors, micron bubbles of ozone on microbial inactivation characteristics and strengthening mechanism and ozone disinfection model of micron bubble for reclaimed water.The evaluation and measurement methods of a micron bubble system were established. How operating conditions infe
13、ct the micron bubble diameter, the interfacial area and the mass transfer coefficient quantitatively were studied, it was the first time to find that the ozone concentration could significantly reduce the bubble diameter.It was found that ozone-micron bubbles system has significant strengthening eff
14、ect of microbial inactivation. The main strengthening mechanism were improvement of the mass transfer efficiency, the increasing ofozone concentration and the exsisting of hydroxyl radicals.The transfor ozone dosage (TOD) could uesd in the disinfection model instead of CT dose successfully to solve
15、the problem of that ozone exposure dose CT does was not suitable for the disinfection of reclaimed water. The instantaneous ozone demand (IOD) can represent for the complex effects of water quality on ozone disinfection of regeneration. The ozone-micron bubbles disinfection models of reclaimed water was based on the establishment of IOD.Key words: Ozone；Micro-bubble；reclaim water；bacteria inactivation.目录目录摘 要IAbstractII1.1研究背景与意义71.1.1污水再生利用的意义71.1.2再生水消毒的必要性81.1.3再生水安全消毒技术现状111.2臭氧消毒技术介绍131.2.1臭氧消毒技术发展历史131
